Ubuhinga bwa none bwarashwaye isi yose, kuburyo bwahinduye umu bumbe wose nk’ikirwati gitoya. Kumuvuduko utanganje nkuw’ umuravyo wirwirirana ry’ubutunzi mpuza makungu, bushimangiwe n’umuvuduko mw’iterambere ry’ubuhinga bwa none. Ico nico catumye ubuzima bwiza n’Urugero rw’Ubuzima vyama miriyaridi y’abakene nyarucari vyisununura.
Kuva Mu kinjana ca 18, amashirahamwe yo muburengera zuba yinjiye mwiterambere ry’igihe ca none. Ikiremwa muntu cisokoye intambwe kuyindi mu myemerere y’amadini muntumbero yokubaka iterambere rya kiremwa muntu rishingiye ku mwidegemvyo w’ivyiyumviro n’ ubushakashatsi vy’umuntu ku giti ciwe. Amadini yasubiriwe n’imico n’akaranga. Muri ico gihe nyene, uwo mugirwa waganishije kumugenzo watanguje impinduka muvyi mico n’akaranga hamwe n’impinduka mu mahinguriro mumpera y’ikinjana ca 19, ico naco kikaba caranzwe niterambere rishimishije ry’ubushakashatsi n’ubuhinga nk’umuzingi w’iterambere ry’ubuhinga vya vyaye irwirirana ry’ubutunzi, hamwe n’irwirirana ry’ Abantu n’ iterambere. Idini ntiryongeye kuba isoko y’inyishu ya buri kintu cose, nk’ubushakashatsi bwariko bugaragaza iterambere ry’ubuhinga bw’igitangaza.
Nuko rero, Umuntu atangura guhangana n’intambamyi zaho abaye. Amakara hamwe ni mashine y’umwuka, vyahwaniranye n’impinduka yambere mu vy’amahinguriro, nuko hakurikiraho umuvuduko wa peterori n’umuyagankuba vyahuriranye n’impinduka ya kabiri mu vy’amahinguriro. Iryogeragezwa, ryatuganishije ku kwiyongera k’umwimbu w’uburimvyi. Intambara yo kurwanya inzara yari irangijwe n’intsinzi guhera kwi songa kugeza kuntango y’akarere k’uburengera zuba.
Uburimyi bwahungukiye ivyankenerwa vy’umwavu w’ikizungu, vyakoreshejwe nk’inyongeramusaruro mukurwiza umwimbu. Muntango, ihinguriro ritunganya kandi rikanashingura ibiribwa hifashishijwe inguvu, ryatugejeje kubiribwa bitandukanye, no kuburyo bwo kubishingura Mu kiringo kirekire. Ico kigo c’ibiribwa cigaragaje nk’ikirwanishwa co kurwanya inzara.
Murico gihe nyene , amaterambere yagezweho m’ubuvuzi, yateje igabanuka ry’ugupfusha nokuvanaho ingwara ziterwa n’udukoko. Kuva kuri Ruberuto Koch na Ruwi Pasitori, ingwara bazivuga bivanye n’icaziteye atari ku bimenyetso bizeekana. Ikwiragizwa ry’amazi bishingiye ku nguvu z’umuyagankuba yabaye intambwe yikiguzi gitangaje kwi suku kandi bitanguza iterambere rishimishije mu gisata c’amagara y’abantu. Kabaye n’akaryo ko kuvumbura ibikoresho vyo kwifashisha mu bigo vyisuzumiro, mugupima ingwara canke mugukora ubushakashatsi bw’imiti.
Ayo majambere nyakuri y’ubuhinga yateje bimwe bitigeze kubaho , ikwiragira ry’abantu kugera kumpande zose zi Si. Inyuma y’irwirirana ryo k’umuvuduko wagenda gahoro gahoro kuva mukinjana ca 14 gishira mumpera y’ikinjana ca 17, irwirirana ryiyongereye incuro 12. Mukiringo c’ibinjana 3, igwirirana ry’abantu ryavuye kuri miriyoni 600 mu mwaka wi 1700, rigera kuma miriyaridi 8 mu mwaka wa 2019. Kuva mu 1945, isi yahindutse icibare c’ubuhinga ni ca kiremwa muntu mu mpande zose kandi k’urugero rwihuse. Vyiswe umuvuduko Munini. Kuva Mumpera y’intambara yakabiri y’isi yose, Abantu bagize irarirari ry’ukurya Ubuzima. Abanyagihugu barwiririranye incuro 3, ikoreshwa ry’inguvu z’umuriro naryo rikaba ryirwije incuro zi 6. Uko kwiyongera kw’abanyagihugu vyaherekejwe n’umuvuduko w’ikoreshwa rya buri kintu.
Igitigiri c’imiduga y’abantu bikorera ivyabo zigendagenda zava ku miriyoni 40 mu mwaka wi 1945 zikagera ku muriyarindi (1. 000.000.000) mu mwaka wi 2019. Umuntu yiyumviriye cane ibiharuro vy’imodoka z’abantu birabandanya kwiyongera kw’isi.
Ariko muntango z’umwaka wi 1990, umuvuduko w’ubuhinga ng’urukana bumenyi n’ibindi bijana nabwo bwakubise hasi ivyari bimaze kugerwaho vyose mwi si yose. Ama miriyaridi yama mashine nyabwonko hamwe n’amamiriyaridi y’amaterefone kandi ngendanwa yaradandajwe, vyiyongera n’ubundi mu mwaka wi 2018. Mu myaka 10 irangiye, ama Terefone ngendanwa yo mugihe ca none angana na miriyaridi imwe n’ibice bine 1,4 yaradandajwe n’uruganda rwa Apple. Mu mwaka wa 2019, Abantu barenga miriyaridi 3 bari batunze Terefone ngendanwa yo mugihe ca none. Ryabaye iyongerekana ryo kugwego rwo hejuru, kandi binazwi ko Terefone ngendanwa yo mugihe ca none idakoreshwa imyaka irenga 2. Ngico ikintu nyamukuru muvyatuma hakorwa Terefone ngendanwa zo mugihe ca none, nubwo ico gikorwa catwaye amikoro karemano atari make, kikanateza ingaruka zitokwirengagizwa kubidukikije no k’umutuzo w’ibihugu ataho birigeza.
Iterambere ry’ubuhinga ryateje intambwe ibijanye n’amatohoza no gutanga umuco ku vyaha vyakozwe. Uretse Umu Faransa Xavier Dupont de Ligones wi Nantes, haciye imyaka 10 agiye amazimayongo nyuma y’ukwicirwa hamwe n’umuryango wiwe wose, ivyo vyaha vyaratorewe umuti hifashijwe iterambere ry’ubuhinga ngirakamaro. I Terefone ngendanwa yo mugihe ca none yabaye igisubizo mukwerekana amakanda y’intango kuvyaha vyakozwe. Ugushushanya ahantu umugiziwanabi aherereye, vyatumye umugiziwanabi ashobora guhagarikwa hifashishijwe i Terefone ngendanwa yiwe
Ibindi bikoresho bitobito, vyarakoreshejwe mu gushushanya, mu gukurikirana no mu kunyomoza abagizi banabi. Ibikoresho bifata ama shusho vyaranyanyagijwe n’abatohozi b’igipolice kijejwe kurwanya ubugizi bwa nabi, mu bwigobeko bw’amabarabara. Ayo ma karata yose ategwako igikumu mbere yo gukoreshwa mu ma banki, mu m’imiduga ya rusangi yo kwiyunguruza, hamwe nayandi ma karata y’umwidondoro; ivyo vyose vyabashije gutanga amakuru k’uruja n’uruza vyacu, incuro vyakozwe no gusambura ubwihisho mu kanya isase. Ariko ubuvumbuzi budasanzwe kandi bushingiye ku makanda y’uturemangingo, bwatumye hatuzwa ubugizi bwa nabi. Ukwifashisha agace kak’aremangingo shingiro (ADN) kafatiwe ahabereye ubugizi bwa nabi, vyemejwe nk’icagiriji ntabanduka.
Amaterambere y’ubuhinga adushoboza gushikira ivyo twipfuza m’uburyo bworoshe kandi bwihuse ; twovuga nk’ikonte ya Banki n’amakuru yo kumbuga ngurukana bumenyi, vyatworohereje ubuzima. Naho biruko, ivyo bishobora no gukoreshwa mukuducunga, mukudukurikiranira hafi, mbere bishobora no kutuvogera gushika mu buzima bwacu bwihariye. Naho biruko kandi, iterambere ry’ubuhinga rirabandanya, kuko vuba , ikarata y’ubuhinga n’ubwenge kandi ntoyi izokorwa mbere ibane natwe mu buzima bwacu bwa misi yose. Uko biri kose, ubwo buhinga buzogendura n’imibiri yacu, bwifashishwe nko gutabaza mugihe imibiri itewe n’ingwara za kanseri zo k’urugero rutarigaragaza. Indege zitagira aba dereva zizoguruka zitwaye, kandi n’ubundi buvumbuzi butangaje ariko ngirakamaro bugiye kugaragara.
Uko biri kose, n’uyu musi isi iracagengwa n’ubudasa bushingiye k’ubutunzi. Ibihugu Vya rutura mwiterambere, biriko birarundarundanya ivyiza vy’amaterambere y’ubuhinga, mugihe ibindi bihugu vyovyo bikiri mugihe co kwifashisha ibikoresho vyacuzwe mugihe ca Kahise. Mu bihugu vyinshi vya Afrika, abanyagihugu bakeyi nibo bashoboye kwigurira Terefone ngendanwa yo mugihe ca None, rimwe na rimwe isumvya igiciro umushahara w’umukozi wa reta yaminuje muri rusangi.
Imbere yubwo busumbasumbane, abanyafrika barikurayo bakagura ama Terefone yo k’urugero rwa kabiri canke bagacirabugufi ama Terefone yagenewe abakene, n’ukuvuga Terefone zibayabaye, zizimbutse kandi zakorewe mu Bushinwa.
Mbega Ayo materambere yagejeje ivyiza kuri kiremwa muntu, azoteba yinjira no mu mateka y’Afrika ? Ayo materambere, azoteba aza kuramira Afrika, mukurwanya ibiza biyugarije ; Mu kurwanya inzara, mu magara y’abantu, mwibura ry’akazi, mu kurwanya igiturire, ku mabi ya reta, uguhungabanya agateka ka zina muntu, Akarenganyo n’ibindi n’ibindi ? Uru rubuga gwihaye inshingano zo kugaragaza urugero rw’ amaterambere y’ubuhinga mu turere tumwe na tumwe twa Afrika, no kugenzura ibisata vy’ibanze vyoteza imbere ineza y’abanyagihugu muri Afrika.
Bihinduwe mu Kirundi na E.N.
