Inyubako zikoreramwo ama Banki akoresha ivyuma vyitwa (TMB) vyifashishwa mu kubikuza amafaranga, i Bukavu biherereye kw’ibarabara ryitiriwe Emery Patrice Lumumba, mu nyubako zahoze zikoreramwo ibanki y’Abanyagihugu. Imbere ya TMB Bukavu, hari ikigo gihanahana amafaranga gifise icapa camamaza canditse ko ngo: «Pepele Mobile: inyishu yo gucunga ubutunzi bwanje bwose nkoresheje terefone ngendanwa yanje. Pepele Mobile, duhindure amabanki!»
Ivyo biro vya Pepele Mobile bitwarwa na Amisi John, w’imyaka mirongo itatu. Iyuma y’ivyiga vyiwe bijanye n’gutunganya ubutunzi i Bujumbura, John yaciye atangura gukora nk’umuntu yigenga muri iri shirahamwe muri Munyonyo umwaka w’2019. Akimara gutanguza ubwo buhinga, Pepele Mobile yarashimwe n’abaguzi. Guhera kw’itariki 20 za buri kwezi, ibikorwa vyo guhemba abakozi ba leta bica bitanguzwa mu ntara zigihugu Repuburika Iharanira Intwaro Rusangi ya Kongo (RDC). Muri ico gihe, ama Banki ya TMB ararengerwa nabakiriya, cane cane abakozi ba leta.
Abarimu, abapolisi, abasirikari n’abandi bakiriya birukira ahakorera TBM ya banki kugirango bakureko imishahara yabo ya buri kwezi. Abakiriya bamwe baturuka mu misozi bagakora ibirometero 100 kugirango bashikire ahakorera banki mu gisagara. Kubera kunanirwa guhuza umurongo ngurukanabumenyi interineti, bamwe mu bakiriya bava muntara bategerezwa kurindira amasaha mirongo ine n’umunani 48 kugirango bashobore gushikirwa baronke amafaranga yabo. Ni muriyo ntumbero havutse uburyo bwa Pepele Mobile, umugambi washizweho mu rwego rwa banki bakesha ubuhinga bw’urwaruka rwahejeje amashure ya kaminuza.
Naho imishahara y’abakozi ba leta ya Kongo yashizwde mu mabanki, kwinjira mu mabanki bibandanya bigorana, nk’uko vyemezwa n’umwe mu bayobozi bo kurwego rwo hejuru aho muri Kongo, avuga ati: «Igihe twashika mu mwaka wa 2007, abakenguzamateka n’abakozi ba politike n’abajejwe intwaro bahembwa amafaranga yabo mu mafranga ya Kongo. Bagataha mu ngo zabo bafise amasashe arimwo amafaranga, ivyabashira mu buryo butandukanye bw’umutekano muke. Nafuse ubwo buryo mu guhindura amafaranga mu madorari no kuyashira mu ma Banki kugira ngo duhembe abakozi», nkuko vyavuzwe na Léon Kengo.
Muri urwo rwego nyene, ibanki nshasha y’ubudandaji Equity-BCDC yiyemeje guhangana n’ingorarane zo gushigikira ubutunzi bw’Abanyekongo mu korohereza abakongomani bose kuja mu mabanki ku no guha imfashanyo amashirahamwe matomato n’ayari hagati nahagati. Célestin Mukeba, umuyobozi mukuru wa Equity-BCDC aratanga ivyihutirwa mu bikorwa vyiwe.
«Ikintu ca mbere co gukora ni kongereza kwinjiza ubutunzi mu ma Banki. Uno munsi kiri kurugero hafi 7%. N’urugero ruri hasi cane. Mugihe mubindi bihugu nka Kenya, nka karorero, bari kuri 80%. Ntushobora kugira iterambere ry’ubutunzi mugihe abantu canke amashirahamwe batarinjira mu gisata ca ma banki. Ivyo rero bizoba induka tugiye gukora “.
Imyaka irenga itanu 5 inyuma yo kw’injira mu ma banki, vyoba bimeze gute?
Mu vyukuri, ibice bine kw’ijana 4% vy’abanyagihugu nibo bonyene bafise ama konti mu ma banki yo mu gihugu, ubuhinga bwokuriha ngendanwa ukoresheje terefone nibwo bwugururiwe abantu bose badafise amakonte mu mabanki.
Umwigisha wo muri Kaminuza Mutabazi Augustin yanonosoye ibijanye n’ubutunzi akaba n’umuhinga muvyo guharura, aratanga umwihwezo kurivyo: «Kuronka amabanki vyaragabanije amanyanga kubera ko hari abakozi benshi batabaho bahembwa n’ikigega ca Leta. Hamwe n’uburyo bushasha, harabayeho kuziganya gukomeye. Ariko ivyo ntivyabujije ko hibonekeza ingorane, ingorane nini yabonetse ni uko amabanki adakwiye hose mu gihugu. Amabanki aboneka gusa mu bisagara binini binini bigatuma abakozi ba leta bataba murivyo bisagara, basanzwe baba mu gihugu hagati hirya yivyo bisagara, bagira ingorane mu kuronka amafaranga yabo. Rimwe na rimwe, ntibanamenyeshwa ko konti zabo zashizweko amafaranga barinda kuza kuraba, iyumvire umuntu uza kuraba niba konte yiwe yaragiyeko amafranga, agasanga ntibarayashirako kandi ari mumpera z’ukwezi, arasubira inyuma canke akagumaho kubera ko yamenye ko konte yiwe yagiyeko amahera mugabo ntashikirwe kubera ko umurongo wabarindiriye ari munini cane. Ivyo bikunze kuboneka mugihe co guhemba ibasirikare, abapolisi n’abandi bakozi ba leta. Uhasanga abantu barenga 500 batonze imbere ya banki. Ayo mabanki ntiyugurura ibiro vyinshi bihagije kubera ko n’ikibazo c’ibiciro bizimvye, birashika ko umukozi aguma i Bukavu iminsi 3 arindiriye guhembwa amafaranga angana n’amadorari ijana 100».
Ubuhinga bugezweho nk’inzira yo gusohoka murizo ngorane.
Guhura n’izo ngorane, ubuhinga bugezweho bwafashije mu kugabanya gutwara amafaranga mu ntoki. Inyungu kuri Repuburika Iharanira Intwaro Rusangi ya Kongo (RDC) ni uko umukongomani wese ashobora gukoresha ubuhinga bugezweho.
Ni nkuumunyagihugu mutoya atigeze akora ku mashini yo kwandika ariko ubu akaba akoresha imashini nyabwonko; ntiyigeze akoresha telefone yo munzu ariko uno musi akoresha terefone ngendanwa. Abantu bose uno musi barazi ingene bakira amafaranga ku mitumba iwabo bakoresheje terefone naho kuyabikuza bibatwara amafaranga menshi agera kuri rimwe kw’ijana 1%. Ubwo buhinga n’intambwe nziza mw’iterambere ugereranije n’uburyo kwa kera bwo gutwara amatoni y’inoti buri kwezi.
