Kuva habayeho amafaranga nk‘uburyo bwo korosha ihanahana ry’ibidandazwa no guhanahana amafaranga, umuntu ntiyahengeshanije kurondera ubuhinga bushasha bwoshobora gufasha kugira ngo ico gikorwa co guhanahana amafaranga n’ibidandazwa corohe kandi cihute. Ubuhinga ngurukuna bumenyi bwokurihirako, gukoresha ikarata y’ibanki, kuriha amahera biciye muri banki vyarafashije cane urwo rudandanzwa kandi ukuza kwama terefone ngendanwa yabaye ubundi buryo bwo kuriha hakoreshejwe telephone ngendanwa.
Kubw’ubuhinga bwa none (Wikipedia), kuriha hakoreshejwe telephone ngendanwa (buzwi kandi nk‘izina ry’amafaranga ngendanwa, kurungika amafaranga ngendanwa canke ingodomoni ngendanwa mw‘iterefone) vyose bikaba ari ibikorerwa kuri telephone ngendanwa, agakurwako hakoreshejwe ikarata ya banki, canke ukarihishwa ku mukozi wa banki yigenga canke gutwara amafaranga kubuhinga bwa none aba yashizweko n‘umuntu ayafise mu ntoki canke ku mudandaza.
Muri runo rwandiko, twibande ku guhanahana amafaranga hakoreshejwe telephone ngendanwa bita kurungika amafaranga yo mw’iterefone uyarungika mw’itelephone, ivyo bita Mobile money mururimi rw’icongereza. Ubwo buryo buza guhiganwa canke gufashanya n’uburyo bugezweho twavuze hejuru (ikarata ya Banki, gutanga amahera mu ntoke no kuyashira kuri compte ya banki…)
Bishingiye ku ma konte (comptes) aba yashizweho n’umuhora wa telephone ngendanwa, igakoreshwa ku muntu aba yiyandikishije kuruwo muhora, uwo muhora uratanga ubwo buryo bworoshe bwo guhanahana amafaranga ku muntu n’ uwundi atagucisha muri banki ngo akore ibintu vyinshi. Bisaba ko umuntu aba afise telephone ngendanwa gusa.
Amafaranga ngendanwa n’igikorwa co guhanahana amafaranga corohera umuntu wese afise telephone ngendanwa harimwo nabadafise i konte (compte) muri banki. N’uburyo bwo kuriha ukoresheje telephone ngendanwa bigafasha uwukeneye amafaranga kugura ibintu no gukora ivyo aba akeneye akoresheje telephone yiwe aho kurinda kuja gukoresha ikarata ya Banki canke gutwara amafaranga mu ntoke .
Guhanahana amafaranga hakoreshejwe telephone ngendanwa nk’uburyo bw’iterambere mu mibano n’ubutunzi.
Kurungika amafaranga hakoreshejwe telephone ngendanwa vyarateye imbere mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’iterambere kugirango vyoroshe gukwiragiza ikoreshwa ry’ amafaranga aho igice kinini c’abantu badafise ama conti mu ma banki (compte bancaire), cane cane muri Amerika no muri Afurika yepfo, muri Afrika yo munsi ya Sahara, no mu bihugu vyo muri Aziya.
Ubwo buryo burafasha cane mwihererekanwa ry‘amafaranga (kubikura, kurungika, kuziganya) canke kuriha ibidandazwa ukoresheje terefone ngendanwa, ariko kandi gukoresha uburyo bubangutse kama bwo kuziganya no kuguranana atari ubwa banke, ukwishira no kwizana mu bicuruzwa canke vyongeye ukwirinda ingorane zijanye n’iterambere, mu mibano n’ubutunzi. lnumero ya terefone igereranywa n’inimero ya konte.
Turenganye kahise muvyo guhanahana amahera, mu kibano na mpuzamakungu nka Westen Union, MoneyGram, abahinga muvvama terefone basaba yuko ubutunzi ngendanwa bwamafaranga buteranwa na numero ya terefone. Ivyo bibaye hotuma haba ubuhinga bukomeye na cane cane muvyo guhanahana amahera, mukuriha ibidandazwa, kugura no kwaka ideni ukoresheje iterefone.
Tuvuge hano ubushakashatsi bwo muri Asiya (Alipay, WeChat, GCash), Amerika y’epfo (DaviPIata, Tigo Money) no muri Amerika ya ruguru (Google Pay, Apple Pay, Samsung Pay).
Muri afrika vyifashe gute?
Afrika niho hari urudanzwa runini mubijanye n’urucuruzwa rw’amafaranga ngendanwa, mw’isi hamwe n’ikiza ca COVID-19 carafashije mw’iduga ryo gukoresha ubwo buryo. Twisunze ishirahamwe Irlandais Research And Markets ryanonosoye ibijanye n’ivyigwa vy’amasoko, isoko ry’amahera aciye mu buryo bw’ihererekanwa ry’amafaranga ngendanwa biciye mu materefone ngendanwa muri Afrika bwashitse ku mamiriyaridi 365,4 amahera y’abanyamerika mu mwaka 2020.
Abantu benshi muri Afrika ntibafise uburenganzira ku ma konte mu mabanke. kubw’ikimenyeshamakuru Middle East Business News and Magazine gitanga amakuru y‘ingene amashirahamwe ahagaze n’ibibazo vy’ubutunzi, ubutunzi n’imibano, ibice 57% vy‘abany’Afrika ubwabo ntabushobozi bari bafise bwo kugira amakonte gushika mu mwaka wa 2018, nayo ibice 40% vy’abakiriya b’amabanke y‘Afrika bahitamwo imihora ngurukana bumenyi mu bikorwa vyabo vy’ubudandaji.
Hejuru y‘ibikorwa muvyo kurungika no kubikura amahera abashakashatsi muvyo gutumatumako amakuru baguma barondera uburyo bugezweho bwotuma abanywanyi babo bakoresha mukuriha ibidandazwa no kuronka uburenganzira bw‘ingurane, n’ukwikingira.
Amakonte y’amahera ngendanwa kuburyo bwo gukoresha ubuhinga ngurukana bumenyi bakoresheje terefone ngendanwa bwaharuwe muri Afrika bwarashitse imiriyoni 562 mu mwaka wa 2020 mugihe ikonte zikora ku kwezi zari imiriyoni 161 nkuko vyatanzwe mucegeranyo ca GSMA. Ngaya amashirahamwe azwi muvyo gutanga amafaranga hakoreshejwe ubuhinga ngurukanabumenyi bw‘amaterefone ngendanwa ku mugabane wa Afrika.
I.MTN Mobile Money
Kubanwanyi imiriyoni 46 z’abakoresha ubwo buhinga kw’isi, MTN ni rimwe mu mashirahamwe abakoresha ubwo buhinga bazi muri Afrika. lkorera mu Rwanda, Afrika Vepfo, Repuburika ya Kongo no mubihugu birenga 20 vya Afrika.
II.ORANGE MONEY
Inyuma yo gutanguza ibikorwa vy’ibanze mu mwaka wa 2018 ryaranyarukije cane gukoresha amafaranga ngendanwa aciye ku buhinga bwa none muri Afrika. Tugereranije irafise abanywanyi bababa imiriyoni 45. Rikaba ari ishirahamwe y‘ababanwa n’ishirahamwe MTN. Rikaba riri mu bihugu cumi n’umunani ku mugabane wa Afrika, mugihe kandi riri mu mashirahamwe ahiganirwa amasokoko na MTN mu burere butari buke.
III.M-PESA
Ryatanguwe mu mwaka wa 2007 na Vodafone kuri safaricom na Vodacom, M-Pesa ikoreshwa muri Kongo, muri Egiputa, muri Gana, muri Kenya, muri Lezoto, muri Mozampike no muri Tanzaniya.
IV.AIRTEL MONEY
Bifitaniye Ubucuti n’umurwi wo mubu Hindi. Aitel ikorera mu bihugu 3 vya Afrika : Harimwo Burkina
Uburusho bwinshi mwiterambere mu mibano n’ubutunzi mu miryango.
- Amahera ngendanwa atuma ivyo gufashanya vyoroha kuko nabari kure mu mitumba burabasahiriza ahatarwiriye ibigo bikorana n’amabanki. Ivyo biratuma amahera agira umutekano mbere hakirindwa no gusesagura.
- Amahera ngendanwa aratuma haba ihinduka muvyimibano kuko n’abanyagihugu bato bato bubageraho. Ubwo buryo butuma kandi haba ukwisanga (mu miryango) mu mubano kuburyo n’abadafise amakonte mu mabanki, abo mu mitumba n’abakenyezi n’abacuruza boroherwa. Ubwo buryo kandi buratuma abivuza boroherwa kuko baba bafise amahera mu materefone ngendanwa bakoresha ku rugendo, bakariha ivyo bakorewe kwa muganga bigatuma n’abavyeyi baziganya amahera y’ishure y’abana mu gihe baba birukanwe mu mashure cane cane muri Afrika.
- Ubwo buryo bwo kugira amahera muri terefone ngendanwa, burafasha abagore kwitunganiriza ivyumuryango mugihe tuzi ko ivyubutunzi bw’umuryango biraba serugo, murico gihe abagore barashobora kwitunganiriza ivyurugo, kubika amahera ahantu bizeye no kuyakoresha ivyo bashaka mubindi bikorwa no kugura, ikizobeshaho umuryango, kurwiza imigambi y’iterambere na cane cane kurungika abana kw’ishure.
- Amahera ngendanwa kandi ubundi buryo bwo kwiyongera ku buzima bwo
kubaho kuko amahera aba abitswe ahantu yanditswe, abajejwe ivyigihugu barabona ko amahera ahari, ahari hizewe bikabafasha no kuronka itaxi n’amakori, iyo mbitso aha twovuga amahera bacisha muri ubwo buryo yo guhemba abakozi ba Leta n’abikorera utwabo n’amahera avuye ku mfashanyo mu vy’imibano n’ibindi bihugu.
- Amahera akoreshwa mu bisagara n’imiryango arungikirwa imiryango iba yasigaye ruguru. Ishirahamwe GSMA rigereranya ko gushika mu mwaka wa 2018 amahera ngendanwa yafashije kuronka imiriyaridi 15.6 k’umakori atanzwe n’amashirahamwe n’abakozi bo muri Afrika. N’imiriyaridi 5.4 zamakori ku mashirahamwe no ku bakozi muri Afrika yo musi ya Sahara, (Imiriyaridi y’amadorare vyamatagisi 2.8 vvamadorari y’amatagisi, n’imiriyaridi 1.6 y’amadorari avuye mu makori atanzwe n’amashirahamwe n’ubuzi muri Afrika y’uburengero).
- Igisata c’amahera ngendanwa carafashije kandi gituma haba irwizwa ry’akazi na cane cane kuri barya bakozi bakora kuvyo gutanga canke kubikuza amahera, kuko n’abantu bazwi kurubwo buryo bw’igisata c’amahera ngendanwa kandi n’uko boba baravyigishijwe babifitiye ubumenyi.
- Amafaranga ngendanwa n’uburyo bwatowe bwo guhindura ubutunzi mu bantu batize mu bihugu biri inyuma yamajambere, ubwo buryo buratuma haba iterambere muvy’ubutunzi n’imigambi iboneka.
Uyu musi imiriyoni z’abanya Afrika zikoresha ubwo buryo bakoresheje iterefone ngendanwa. Ubwo buryo kandi bwaratumye haba uguhanahana amahera vyintasubirwamwo ku buryo n’amabanki yahavuye aharonkeraho akarorero ko kwitunganiriza igisata « Ibanki Ngendanwa » « mobile banking », kugira ayo mabanki nayo ashobore gukurako uburyo bwatanzwe n’abakoresha ubwo buhinga ngurukana bumenyi mu bijanye n’uguhanahana amafaranga ngendanwa biciye mu materefone ngendanwa.
E.N
