Mugihe abakoroni b’ababirigi bashimangira politike kugihugu c’uburundi mu kugabanya ububasha bw’umwami, si abagabo bahagurutse ngo bavyiyamirije, abagabo bagumye mugacerere kandi bubahiriza amategeko bahawe n’abakoroni. Ibitandukanye n’ivyabaye mu mwaka w’1934, n’umukenyezi w’umuhutukazi yatanguje urugamba rwo kuvyiyamiriza ahitwa Indora mu buraruko bushira uburengero bw’igihugu c’uburundi.
Uwo mupfasoni azwi kw’izina ry’iritazirano rya Inamujandi ariko kandi azwi no kuyandi mazina y’amatazirano nka Ruhigi, Inamana na Rudahindahetwa; nkuko dushobora kubisoma kurwandiko rwabitswe kubuhinga bugezweho mu bubiko bw’inyandiko z’ababirigi twahawe na Christine Deslaurier, uwo mukenyezi yaratanguje mu kwezi kw’icenda umwaka w’1934 (Septembre 1934), ukwanka biboneka kandi vyanatangaje Abakoroni.
N’ishaka ridasanzwe, umwete hamwe n’ukwitanga kurengeje ashigikiwe n’ abanyagihugu bamwe abandi nabo bamurwanya, yafatwa n’abakoroni nk’umupfumu canke umufyitirizi, uwo yataziriwe Inamujandi izina ryiwe ry’ukuri yitwa Ndaronogeye, yararongoye amayinga atari make (indwi nyinshi) kw’iyamiriza abakoroni hamwe n’abarundi bafashanya n’abo bakoroni. Yarategetse abayoboke biwe guturira (ingo nyinshi z’ikirundi) z’abami n’abatare (igice c’umuryango w’abatware) bari barongoye uburere bwa Baranyanka i Ngozi, Muhitira na Bacinoni mu karere ka Usumbura. Nkuko iperereza ryakozwe ry’ubutungane riboneka mu bubiko bw’inyandiko z’ababirigi, inzu zishika hafi amajana ane (400) ko zaturiwe hagati y’ukwezi kw’icenda n’ukwezi kw’icumi narimwe 1934 n’abanyagihugu bari babajwe nayo mategeko canke nabo bakorana nabo bakoroni.
Abari muri ivyo bikorwa vyo kwiyamiriza abakoroni barivye inka z’abami n’izabanyagihugu bari bashigikiye abakoroni. Mu mwanya bari bamufashe barashoboye gufata inka zirenga 70 aho yarasanzwe aba kumutumba wa Rukore hamwe n’imitwe ijana yibitungwa bito bito. Yari umuntu adasanzwe mugupanga ibintu vyiwe kuko yari yategetse gusambura ibiraro vyo kw’ibarabara riri hagati ya Rabiro na Ndora kugira ngo ahagarike canke bishobotse uruja n’uruja rwabajejwe umutekano n’intwaro ba babirigi (abakoroni) ntirwihute. Bane muribo basanze babaye nabi ataco bagishoboye aho hari kuwa 28 z’ukwezi kwicenda 1934.
Impera n’imperuka yahavuye afatwa arikumwe n’abamushigikiye benshi hamwe n’abahanuzi biwe, baca bacibwa urubanza igenekerezo rya 5 Munyonyo 1934 muri sentare y’igitega umurwa mukuru w‘intwaro y’abakoroni, aho yaciriwe imyaka 20 yo gufungwa. Kuva mu mwaka w’1934 gushika mu mwaka w’1946, yamaze iyo myaka yose mu ngwano y’akabiri y’isi yose apfunzwe. Mu mwanya Isi yose yari mugatengo k’ubwicanyi bwatangujwe na Hilter hamwe n’abanazi, Inamujandi wewe yaraboshwe iminyonyoro ari mu bihano vyo kwagirizwa kutagira indero. Mukwezi kwambere k’umwaka w’1935 umwaka Hetler yafata ingingo yoguha ibirwanisho Abadagi kugira ngo bategure intambara, Ndaronogeye yamaze imisi cumi mugasho yagirizwa kuba yaranse gukora no gukwirikiza amategeko y’abapfungwa. Inyuma y’imyaka mikeya, igenekerezo rya 9 Ruhuhuma umwaka w’1939, mugihe Isi yariko iraja muntambara, Inamujandi yamaze imisi 2 mugasho yagirizwa kuba yanyoye itabi no muri Ruhuhuma umwaka w’1942 bamusubiza mu gasho kandi imisi 2 kubera bamusanganye ibikoresho bibujijwe n’amategeko y’abapfungwa. Murico gihe, uburaya bwari burajwe ishinga n’umwiheburo warangwa kuri uwo mugabane wakera aho urupfu rwari hose ariko kandi hariho n’amajwi yo kwihagaragarako yaduga nk’uwitwa Nehru yavuze ko ubuhindi butazigera bwemera narimwe kugaruka mu ntwaro y’Abadagi n’Abayapani. Inamujandi yoba yarahungabanye mukwibaza nkuko Nehru yibaza, mu kwibaza ko yofasha Ababirigi naho vyari bimeze gutyo mu Burundi? Bamwe bibaza yuko ibikoresho bamufatanye vyoba vyari ibikingirizo bimukingira urupfu.
Haheze imyaka cumi n’ibiri aciriwe urubanza n’inyuma yo gusaba kenshi ko yorekurwa bikanka, Inamujandi yararonse ikigongwe c’agateganyo mu kwezi kwambere kumwaka w’1946, nkuko tubisanga mu bubiko bw’inyandiko.
Yararekuwe ariko baca baguma bamucunze icamaso aho asanzwe aba. Munyandiko zatanzwe n’uwatwara Urundi, yanditse ati: « kubera imvo n’uburyo bwa politike, mbona ko vyoba vyiza ko (uko gufungwa icamaso) vyobera i Busoni mukarere ka Ntidendereza akarere ka Muhinga, igihugu c’abatutsi abansi bivyanditswe n’uwitwa Mujandi». Haheze ukwezi kumwe, uwonyene yaramutswa Urundi Schmidt yasigurira uwutwara intara ko « umupfasoni Mujandi akuze kandi arwaye umutima ko adashoboye kwibeshaho wenyene mu burimyi canke no mu bundi buryo», kandi yamusabako yoshiraho uburyo bushobora kumufasha kubaho mugihe yoshika mu karere bamurungitsemwo. Yari yigijwe kure yaho yakoreye imyiyamamazo yiwe yokwiyamiriza abakoroni ariko kandi yajanywe n’umuganwa akomoka mu batare akaba yari umuhungu w’umutware Baranyanka yari mubo yari yiyamirije. Mukurindira ko inyishu itorwa yingene azoba arabayeho murako karere k’i Busoni, uwutwara intara yatanze itegeko kandi ryo kumugumiza umwanya mutoya mugasho, ayo amategeko yaciye arungikwa n’uwutwara ako karere yitwa schmidt ayarungikira uwutwara agasho igenekerezo rya 13 Ruhuhuma 1946 amusaba: «kubandanya amuhaye indaro anamugaburira mu gasho k’i Gitega ». Iyo nzu y’ibohero ica ihinduka inzu y’uburaro bwa Inamujandi biyumvira ko bamwatse ivyipfuzo vyo kurondera ubwigenge;
Inamujandi, bahavuye bamwunguruza bamukura i Busoni. Ariko naho yarakuze kubera imyaka yiwe, umuriro wo kurondera ubwigenge ntiwigeze umuvamwo uwo muriro waramuturira udahagarara. Nico gituma inyuma y’imyaka itatu 3 yabayeho apfunzwe icamaso, umuhizikazi Ndaronogeye-Rudandahindahetwa-Ruhigi-Inamana yarashoboye gutoroka abatware bo mukarere ka Mutare Ntidendereza kandi aca aranyikana n’abamurondera babakoroni burundu. Ububiko bw’inyandiko ntaco buvuga kurico kiretse habonetse ibindi bivuga kuvyakurikiye ubuzima bwiwe. Ivyamenyekanye n’uko abategetsi babakoroni bagumye bamurondera ariko ntibamutore, bakaba biyumvira ko mu buzima bwiwe bushasha bwo mukinyegero yoba yarashoboye kubona ukwikukira kuburundi, we yari yashoboye kurwanira cane ukwigenga k’uburundi imbere y’abagabo bose.
Mukindi gitabo, haheze imyaka mirongitandatu 60 habayeho kwiyamiriza abakoroni kwa Inamujandi, uwundi mukenyezi w’umurundikazi nawe yarabonetse Mu Ruyigi m’ubuseruko bw’igihugu naho. Mu butwari bw’ubunyakamwe budasanzwe, Maragarita Barankitse, niwe avurwa ko yaciye arwana n’imico mibi y’ubwicanyi yari y’uzuye mu bantu bose yatandukanya abahutu n’abatutsi mu guhiganwa kumarana. « Maragarita Barankitse» nkuko bamwita, yaraduhaye kandi ikindi cirwa ciza c’ubutwari bw’umukenyezi mu guhangana n’agahinda k’intambara yo mu mwaka w’1993. Uwo mupfasoni w’umuhizi w’umututsikazi, yarashoboye gukingira ataho yegamiye abana benshi babahutu bari bahungiye hamwe n’abavyeyi babo kukirimba c’umwungere w’ishengero rya Gatorika mu Ruyigi, nk’intarekazi hagati y’abana babo n’ukuvuga umuvyeyi mwiza hagati mu bana. Abavyeyi babo bana ntiboroherejwe n’urwaruka rw’abatutsi bari buzuye urwanko no gushaka kw’ihora abahutu ataco bazira. Kandi abagabo bo mu Ruyigi icobashoboye gukora mukurinda kwabo kwari ukurabira mu madirisha ibiriko birabera hagati ya Maragarita Barankitse, n’abagumutsi b’urwaruka rushavuye atakindi bari bafise mu mitwe atari uguhohosha abo bana b’abahutu kumvo imwe gusa yuko bava mu bwoko bwabahutu. Urwo rwaruka rwarakoma induru ko rushaka kwihora, inyuma yaho abahutu biciye ababanyi babo b’abatutsi mu mitumba ya Ruyigi bamaze kumva ko hatembagajwe intwaro y’umuperezida wa mbere w’umuhutu yari yatowe n’abanyagihugu mu matora Melchior Ndadaye, hamwe n’igandagurwa ryiwe. Maragarita Barankitse yarabarinze arabasubiza inyuma, aca akingira ubuzima bwabo bana. Ninaho abagabo b’abakunzi b’inda n’amanyo avyimvye binyegeza mu mazu yabo nk’imbwa z’izinze imirizo mu maguru yazo. Haheze igihe Maragarita Barankitse yaciye aba umuvyeyi w’impfuvyi nyinshi zasizwe n’intambara, abo bana yabagarukaniye icizere n’umunezero wo kubaho.
Iyontwarikazi rurangiranwa mu guhagurukira gukingira ubuzima bwa kiremwa muntu n’uyu musi aracarwanya abicanyi bashaka kumwigereranya. Muri kahise k’igihugu, nka Inamujandi twavuze, abakenyezi bintwari bamye barwanira ubwigenge hamwe n’umubano mwiza. Umwamikazi Ririkumutima ari murabo. Ari mubakenyezi bagize uruhara rukomeye mukurinda no kwanka agacinyizo. Imbere yuko haba izo ntwarikazi, Umwamikazi Ririkumutima, nawe yagumanye ububasha nkubwo intwaro ya cami mubutwari budasanzwe nkuko inyandiko zivyerekana.
Ririkumutima yarabaye rurangiranwa muri kahise inyuma y’urupfu rw’umugabo wiwe umwami Mwezi Gisabo, niwe yavugana n’abadagi batwara igihugu mugihe umwami Mutaga Mbikije atari bwakwize imyaka yogutwara igihugu. Yarabibaye kandi ukundi gushasha kuva mu mwaka w’1915 gushika apfuye mukurindira ko uwumusubirira akiri muto Mwambutsa akwiza imyaka yo gushobora gutwara igihugu. Yarakingira cane abahungu biwe ariko yari umuntu mubi ku bansi biwe ba politike. Niwe yari umwamikazi yarakunzwe cane n’umwami Mwezi Gisabo, kuko yavyaye umuhungu azokombora abakoroni. Umwamikazi yaryama kare sambiri z’ijoro, akavyuka kare sakumi n’imwe z’ubuca, yahera mugitondo imbere yuko izuba riseruka, kugirango atunganye ibikorwa vy’igihugu. Akoresheje ububasha bwiwe, yaraburijemwo ibikorwa vy’abakoroni bategura naho atashoboye kubihagarika burundu. Bivanye n’imibonano myishi yagiraniye nabatware benshi bababirigi nk’uwutwara intara n’icegera ciwe, yarashobora kumara amasaha arenga atanu 5 yumviza, adahagritse uwuriko aravuga; imbere yuko amubaza ikibazo kimwe gusa gisubiza ivyuwo bavugana yavuze vyose mu ntango y’ikiyago. N’ubwo butwari bw’ubutekereji bwashoboye gukingira umugabo wiwe igihe kitari gito, Ivy’abagabo benshi babarundi n’umwami Mwambutsa batashoboye gushikako.
Hose kwisi yose, turazi ko ubutwari bw’ abakenyezi bubohora Abantu. Turabazi benshi biciye mu guhaguruka kwibohora, babikoze mugihe abagabo baba ataco bashobora gukora kubera ubwoba. Guhaguruka kwibohora kw’aba Faransa, nkakarorero, hafashwe, izina ry’ intwarikazi yitwa Charlotte Corday. Mugihe umushingamateka wo mu misozi bita Jean Paul Marat yahaguruka kugira ubwicanyi, atera ubwoba ubufaransa bwose, uwo mukenyezi akiri muto, yavuye aho yaba ahitwa Normandie yari yaravukiye aja I Paris, agiye kwica Marat kuko yabona ko ariwe yatumye uguhaguruka kwibohora kwabo batagushikako. Ahejeje kwinjira iwe akoresheje urwenge, yamuzibuye imbugita kwigenekerezo rya 13 Mukakaro umwaka w’1793. Baramufashe kandi nawe yumva yinezererewe kuvyo yakoze, yamenyesheje ko «uwo apfuye ariwe yarateye ingorane ubufaransa, ko ariwe yatanguje n’intambara mu gihugu». Inyuma y’ igihe gito, yarishwe aciwe umutwe. Murumva rero ko atari umugabo yashoboye gukiza ubufaransa umuntu yari abubangamiye.
Yaba abarundikazi, aba Congomanikazi, abafaransakazi, abashinwakazi canke abayapanikazi,… Ubuhinga bugezweho bwarakwiragije ibikorwa vy’ubutwari bwabo. Baravyaje isi iterambere nkuko batanga ubuzima.
E.N.
