Ubuhinga bwa none kw’isi bwaragwiriye ku buryo wokwiyumvira ko butagira Aho bugarukira. Ubwenge bw’ibinyabwonko bwonyene buri kwinshi kandi gutandukanye. Mbega ubwenge bw’ibinyabwonko n’iki? nkuko bivurwa n’umunyabwenge Kazinduzi “Robert” avuga ko ari ihuriro ry’ivyiyumviro, ubuhinga canke urufatane rw’ibintu biza biteza imbere indinganizo z’ubuhinga bwa none butandukanye bugereranywa n’ubwenge bw’umuntu. Ubwenge bw’ibinyabwonko bwubakiye ku bigize ico kinyabwonko nk’ibiharuro , Ubuhinga ngurukanabumenyi ivyo vyose biheza bikagira ikintu gishobora gukora Ubuhinga ubu canke buriya nkikibizi. Bamwe bafata ubwenge bw’ibinyabwonko nk’ubwabantu, abandi bakabufata nk’ishusho y’ubwenge nyakuri, aba banyuma barafatanya izo ngereranyo z’ibiri, abandi bakiyumvira ubugereranije n’ubwenge bw’abantu ko uba ufatiye ku rugero ruto rubaho.
Muri make kuwutabizi kandi ashatse kwiyorohereza , n’imashini iciye ubwenge, inyarutsa ibintu kurusha nyene kuyikora. Ivyo biharuro nshingiro ry’ubwenge bw’ibinyabwonko vyatejwe imbere n’umuntu, nk’uko umushakashatsi “Aurélie Jean” abivuga, ivyo biharuro vyamyeho kuva na kera, iyo bitabaho ubwo bwenge bw’ibinyabwonko ntibwari kubaho nk’uko uwo mushakashatsi abandanya abivuga. Aurélie Jean aravuga ko ivyo biharuro bitikwiye kuko vyiyumviriwe n’umuntu, bitezwa imbere nawe nyene. Imico yacu irafise uruhara mw’iterambere ry’ubwo buhinga busanzwe ari nk’icirore cica turi mu kibano.
Kubitandukanye nivyo benshi biyumvira, ubwo buhinga burafise kahise kabwo. Abantu benshi barafashije kugira ubwo buhinga butere imbere. Ntitwokwirirwa turahera kure cane gose, twohera nko mu myaka ya 1940 aho batangura icirwa c’ikoranabuhanga.
Duhereye kugukora kw’ubwenge bw’umuntu busa Nico cigwa koranabuhanga ca “Norbert Wienner” tugashika kubushakashatsi bwa “Donald Hebb” mu mwaka wa 1949 twirengagije isano ryavyo, abahinga bavuga ko iciyumviro nyamukuru ari ugukoresha ibimenyetso bitandukanye vyico kinyabwonko. Bidatevye, inyuma yo gushiraho ico kinyabwonko bikozwe na Marvin Minsky mu mwaka wa 1951, Jhon Mecartiry niho yakoresha ubwa mbere ijambo ubwenge bw’ibinyabwonko. Haraheze igihe kitari gito abahinga babuze ico bafata Nico bareka mu bushakashatsi bwabo bakorera mu nganda zitwa “MIT” muri Amerika. Minsky na Micurtly ntibashoboye gushika kw’ihangiro ningoga nk’uko bari babimenyesheje ngo bemeze abantu ko iyo mashini nyabwonko ije gukuraho amadidane yahahora muvyu buhinga.
Vyabaye ngombwa kurindira mu myaka ya 1980, aho leta zunze ubumwe bwa Amerika zashira amahera atari make muri ubwo buhinga, igisubizo nticatevye bigaragajwe n’a Deep Blen.
Ni mu mwaka wa 2000 aho haba ishirwa ahabona bidasanzwe ry’umuhora ngurukanabumenyi arico catumye bwa bwenge bw’ibinyabwonko butera imbere bigafasha no mu guteza imbere inyigisho.
Amaza ya Gafam na Google, ubwo bwenge nyabwonko bwarateye imbere ku bijanye no gucukura ubushakashatsi no kwiga. Kuri ubwo buhinga “Aurélie Jean” avuga gushika kuri Gafam ni urugendo rw’ubwenge nyabwonko. Mu mwaka wa 2017, ama robot abiri ya Google yarashoboye kuvugana n’imvugo yayo; Google Kandi iciye ku buhinga bwa Duplex bushobora gutuma muhamagarira mu guhana gahunda.
Ubwenge nyabwonko buratanga ibikorwa vyinjiza amahera ku buryo nko muri 2030 ibice 70% vy’amahinguriro azoba abukoresha bitange umusaruro w’imiliyaridi 13000 z’amadorari. Mu Bufaransa abashakashatsi 5300 nibo bariko babikorako.
Izo ngereranyo muvyo gutanga akazi simbi , dufatiye kucirwa cakozwe na Malakaff Meredic , ubuzi bungana imiliyoni 21 burashobora kuboneka muri ico gisata c’ubwenge nyabwonko mu mwaka wa 2030. Sizo nkuru nziza gusa n’inkuru mbi nazo ntizibuze, kuko igereranya zindi zerekana ko ubuzi bungana imiliyoni z’itandatu 6 bushobora kuzimangana mu gisata c’ubutunzi mu mwaka wa 2030. Bisigura ko umuzo wubwo bwenge bw’ibinyabwonko uzozana ineza kuri bamwe n’ inabi ku bandi mu bisata vyinshi.
Mu buzima bwa misi yose, ubwo bwenge bw’ibinyabwonko buratworohereza ubuzima mu bitari bike. Raba nko mu bijanye nibikoresho vyo mu nzu, ubwo buhinga buradufasha gukoresha neza umuyagankuba, gucunga umutekano, gukora udukorwa tumwetumwe, kwinezereza, imiryango y’inzu yiyugurura, kumenya aho abagenzi bacu baba, tubasanga, gutunganya ibirangamisi dukorerako, ingendeshwa zoroshe kunyonga n’ibindi. Ikoreshwa ry’ubwo buhinga risa niridusubirira mu bikorwa vyacu vya misi yose vyaturuhisha canke bikatubuza gukora ibindi.
Ntibikenewe kwibutsa ko ubwo buhinga bwateye imbere amahinguriro , ibisata vy’ubutunzi , amagara y’abantu , umuyagankuba , uburimyi vyarahisemwo ubwo buhinga nk’igikoresho ntasubirizwa mu mirimo ya misi yose. Uburyo bwo kubika ibintu muri ubwo buhinga bwatumye vyoroha kubihanahana, kubikoresha neza dufashijwe nivyo binyabwonko.
Ariko rero ntitwovugako ubwo buhinga ari bwiza gusa n’ibibi ntibibuze cane cane mu mibereho y’abantu. Bavuga ko ubwo buhinga bushobora no gushika aho buzimanganya kiremwa muntu dufatiye ku vyigwa vyakozwe nabatabwizera. Ray Kurzweil, umushakashatsi muri leta zunze ubumwe z’amarika avuga KO ubwo buhinga buzogabanya akamaro ka kiremwa muntu, ati muribaza ko nko muri 2029 ubwo buhinga bushobora kuba aribwo butwara igihugu cacu.
Alon Musk na Bill Gates bashaka kubuza ubwo bushobozi, ubushakashatsi bwabo bufatiye ku bwenge bwa muntu bwafatanijwe nubw’ibinyabwonko. Muri ico gihe ubwo buhinga buzoca butugaragariza amabanga yacu yose ajanye nimibereho yacu, ubuzi butari buke buhere nk’uko twari twabivuze. Icipfuzo ca Schumpeter c’uko akazi kazimanganye kasubirizwa n’akandi nko mu kindi gisata ntikizoba kigikunze bitumwe nubwo buhinga.
Kubwa Alon Musk avuga ko ubwo bwenge bw’ibinyabwonko buzohindura uko ubutunzi bwifashe kw’isi. Ama robot azoshobora gusubirira umuntu muvyo yakora muri ico gihe imibereho y’abantu mu vyo ubutunzi no muvyiyumviro vyabo bizohinduka. Aurélie Jean agahanura ko baraba neza ibijanye nubwo buhinga kugira butwubakire isi imeze neza.
EN
