Cloud? Hariho amahirwe menshi ko abasoma iyi nkuru baja gusanga basanzwe bakoresha ibikorwa bitangwa n’ubwo buhinga bwa «cloud» kumbure atavyo bari bazi. Nk’akarorero, kubakoresha ya ma terefone y’ibitabo agezweho «iPad» canke «iPhone» ubushinguro bwanyu kuri benizo terefone buri kubuhinga bugezweho bw’itwa ayikarawudi «iCloud». Co kimwe n’abakoresha ayo ma terefone y’ibitabo asanzwe «Android» inkuru zazo zibitswe kurubuga mpanahanahana makuru bita «Google».
Mbega «Cloud Computing» n’iki?
Iryo Jambo «Cloud Computing» ry’ikinofunofu risigura ubuhinga nkoranyabuhanga mu bicu , busigura ihanahana ry’inkuru hakoreshejwe ubuhinga ngurukanabumenyi, n’ ibigabane n’ikirwi c’inkuru kuri ryo hanahana ry’amakuru. Ayo mahanahana makuru mu gicu ari ku mugabane munini w’amahanahana makuru yegeranijwe bita «Datacenters» Ari kw’ isi yose.
Ububiko bufatwa nkuburi mu «gicu» ariho havuye iryo Jambo cloud computing). Dutomoye, ububiko bwanyu, aho kubikwa kuri bwa bunyabwonko butobuto bushingura ibintu, bushirwa kuri rya hanahana ry’inkuru riri kure ariko rishikanwa ukoresheje Ubuhinga ngurukanabumenyi.
«Cloud Computing» iradufasha gushika kure ku nkuru z’ubuhinga bwa none zishinguwe kuri rwa rubuga rwihanahana makuru ruri kure: ubushinguro, ibigabane, umurwi winkuru zabikwa ubwa mbere ku rubuga rw’ihanahana makuru ya hagufi canke kuri nyabwonko ya nyene gukoresha ubwo buhinga. Ayo mamuko y’inkuru ashobora kuca muri izo nkuru ziba zibitswe kuri urwo rubuga hanahana makuru rya hafi canke akava kuri «cloud».
Twovuga ko hariho muri rusangi ubwoko butatu bwa «Cloud»:
- «Cloud» Ikoreshwa muri rusangi ishikwamwo uciye ku buhinga ngurukanabumenyi ;
- « Cloud» Ikoreshwa n’amashirahamwe canke y’abigenga ishikwamwo uciye ku rubuga rwigenga ;
- «Cloud» Ikoreshwa hagati na hagati canke y’incange yizo «Cloud» zibiri zindi.
Inyishu n’ubuhinga bugezweho bukora itumatumanako amakuru y’ibintu, ihanahana makuru rinyaruka ku rugero rwa G5 hamwe n’umurwi munini w’inkuru vyose vyisunze «Cloud computing».
Mbega «Cloud computing» ikora gute?
«Cloud computing» ishira ahabona inkuru zayo kuri izo mbuga mpanahanahana makuru za kure. Inkuru z’umukiriya zirungitswe kure biciye ku buhinga ngurukanabumenyi kuri izo mbuga za kure, ziri mu bigo vyubushinguro bw’inkuru zikingiye bita «Datacenters». Uwo atanga izo nkuru ategerezwa kubika inkuru zumu kiriya neza.
«Cloud» ikora kandi mu buryo bwinshi, imwimwe ikagira akamaro kayo bivanye nivyo ikoreshwa. Ibikoreshwa nyamukuru muri «Cloud computing» ni:
- Iaas (Platform as a Service)
muri ubwo buryo, umurwi w’ibintu bifadika niwo ushirwa ahabona wo nyene. Ishirahamwe rirakota za mbuga mpanahanahana makuru hamwe n’ ubushinguro bw’inkuru riba rikeneye ku mudandaza wa «loud». Uwo mudandaza wa «Cloud» ategerezwa gushiraho izo mbuga, hamwe n’ububiko bw’inkuru. Ninayo mpamvu, umu kiriya adakeneye kugura ibikoresho bijanye niryo soko ry’inkuru: arazikota kuwuzikotesha. Ariko rero umukiriya niwe abazwa ibijanye n’ikoreshwa ryizo nkuru n’ukuzikamisha muvyo umukiriya yari azikeneyeko.
Ubwo buhinga Iaas bushobora kugereranywa n’ugukota ikibanza bikozwe n’ishirahamwe: rirashobora kuhubaka ivyo rishatse, ariko niryo ritegerezwa gutanga ibikoresho vyo kubaka. Mu badandaza ba Iaas twovuga imbuga Digital ocean, Google compute engine na one stack.
- le PaaS (Platform as a Service)
Ubwo buhinga burimwo bumwe twatangurirako Iaas hagaca hiyongerako n’ ibindi. Muri ubwo buhinga hashirwa ahabona ibintu bifadika n’ibikoresho hamwe n’ishinguro ry’ibikoresho bitandukanye.
Hambavu y’ ihanahana makuru, ububiko hamwe n’imihora, uwutanga ubwo buhinga aratanga kandi n’ibindi nkenerwa nk’uburyo bikoreshwa, ububiko nshingiro bwabwo , urubuga bita «web»…Muri make abatanga ubwo buhinga Paas barerekana ibintu vyose nkenerwa kugira wubake ico gikoresho canke ubwo buhinga, tutibagiye ibikoresho bigiteza imbere hamwe nuko bikoreshwa ku rubuga ngurukanabumenyi .
Paas twoyigereranya no gukota ibikoresho vyo kubaka inzu hamwe nibiyigize imbere ugaca uyiyubakira aho gukota inzu yose.
Mu burorero twotanga bwibikoresha na Paas, twovuga «Heroku» na Microsoft Azure.
- le SaaS (Software as a Service)
Ni Ubuhinga buzwi na benshi, bushira ahabona vyose, ikoreshwa ry’ibintu n’isuzumwa ryavyo. Aho gushira ubwo buhinga mu bikoresho vyababikoresha gusa, nyene gutanga ubwo buhinga arabugushirira muco ubukoresherezamwo, agashiramwo ibikenewe vyose kugira ubukoreshe, agakwirikirana ko bukora neza akongera akagira isuzuma iyo hari ikitagenda neza.
Ubwo buhinga Saas buri kuri rwa rubuga rw’igicu Cloud, ababukoresha babushikira baciye ku buhinga ngurukanabumenyi, bakariha buri kwezi canke bagakoresha urubuga bahawe n’uwutanga ubwo buhinga. Ninayo mpamvu umukiriya adakeneye kugura iryo hanahana makuru ngo abibikeko ibishingurwa vyiwe.
Imihora igize ubuhinga bwitwa Saas isa n’uwukota inzu: nyeneyo akaba ariwe ayibungabunga, umupangayi nawe akayikoresha nka nyeneyo. Mu burorero twotanga bukoresha Saas twovuga ubwitwa satisforce, mail chimp na etack.
Mu gukoresha ubwo buhinga, mwandika indinganizo ivunaguye yanyu mugasinya icemezo c’uko ubwo buhinga babubashiriye ku mugaragaro hamwe n’inyishu buzotanga zivuye ku rubuga Cloud computing. (Ukariha buri kwezi canke ku mwaka). Inkuru za rya shirahamwe ryanyu zose zica zirungikwa kuri za mbuga mpanahanahana makuru za kure, mu kigo c’ubushinguzi.
Kugira muzishikire, muja ku muhora ngurukanabumenyi mukoresheje imashini nyabwonko canke terefone igezweho. Ikora canke ikoreshwa turonka rivana n’ubuhinga twahisemwo ( Iaas, Paas, Saas). Hariho ivyuma vyinshi bikinga (canecane uburyo bwo kubika henshi) bituma za nkuru zijanye n’ishirahamwe ryawe ata nimwe izimira canke ngo yikate.
Ivyo bikorwa vyose biha ya mashirahamwe ubushobozi bwo kwitwararika adakebaguzwa ibikorwa nyezina vyaryo riziko inkuru n’ibikoresho vyaryo bikingiye (tudasize inyuma n’ubutumwa).
Avantages du « Cloud »
Cloud itanga uburusho bwinshi:
- Akarusho kamwe nyamukuru mu bundi bwinshi, irafasha abayikoresha kuronka uburusho bwayo bwinshi babusanze ku mbuga ngurukanabumenyi batiriwe baracumukura ngo bazimbwe. Ugukoresha «Cloud Computing» bituma abayikoresha hamwe n’amashirahamwe kudahangayikishwa n’ imbuga mpanahanahana makuru hagati yabo canke gukoresha ibikoresho bihanitse muvyo basanzwe bakora hamwe nigabanuka ry’amahera yose ashaka ajanye n’ ubuhinga ngurukanabumenyi.
Ikindi naco, ukoresha «Cloud Computing» biratuma ishirahamwe kanaka ritigera rishira umutahe waryo mu kugura ivyo vyuma vyaryo nkoranabuhanga bigera n’igihe bigakwama bigasaba gukorwa.
- «Cloud» irafasha abayikoresha gushikira iyo abayipfuza bari ahariho hose bakoresheje icuma nkoranabuhanga ico arico cose ku bantu baba basanzwe babirekuriwe kuko ubwo buhinga ngurukanabumenyi hamwe n’ibishinguwe biri kuri izo mbuga mpanahanahana makuru bita «Datacenters» si ku mashini ya nyene gukoresha ubuhinga, ikintu murashobora kukirabira rimwe iyo mufise uwo muhora ngurukanabumenyi, mugaheza mugashingura ibibitso vyanyu.
- Si kumugaragaro kubera bitabitse iwawe, ku buryo naho terefone yawe yopfa murashobora kuronka vya bibitso ( inkuru ) vyanyu kuri «Cloud» mu kwinjira muri konte yanyu. Nico gituma uwukoresha ubwo buhinga terefone ikamupfana arashobora kwinjira mu bubiko bwiwe bwa Facebook, Instagram akoresheje terefone yindi agasanga bwa bubiko bwiwe bugikora hariyo za : foto, ireresi , ivyo yanditse. Nico kimwe n’abatanga ubutumwa «Cloud» nka Gmail canke Microsoft Office 365 n’abatanga ubushinguro «Cloud» nka Draphax canke Google Drive.
Ingaruka mbi za «Cloud»
- Kuri «Cloud», uwuyikoresha ayironka aruko afise umuhora ngurukanabumenyi, muri make ntiyigenga, turetse ko ivyo vyumuhora ngurukanabumenyi, uwukoresha «Cloud computing» agengwa n’umuvuduko wuwo muhora kugira akore neza kuri urwo rubuga.
- Uretse kugira uburenganzira bwo gushobora kuja kumurongo zubwo buhinga, biragoye gushika mu bubiko buri ahabona kuri «Cloud» mu gihe umuhora utameze neza canke uri ahantu hadafata neza. Bivanye nuko hafata nabinabi canke bivanye nibirere uko vyifashe.
- Kubika ibishingurwa vyawe kuri ” cloud” bisigura kwizera uwuzobikubikira , ko bitazokoreshwa canke bitazodandazwa.
- Umutekano wivyo bishingurwa inkuru ntitwowirengagiza kuko birashoboka ko abahinga mu bugizi bwa nabi bonona izo mbuga mpanahanahana makuru zabantu canke zamahinguriro akomeye bakamenya n’amabanga yazo ahishije.
E.N
