Kwerekana aho umuntu canke ikintu kiri ufatiye ku mpande z’isi n‘ubuhinga butazwi cane vyari bikwiye ko bushirwa ahabona abantu bakabutahura neza, bakamenya inguvu canke intege nke zabwo. Ubwo buhinga bufasha mu kwerekana aho ikintu kiri ubu buratomoye neza, burafasha kandi mu bikorwa bitari bike vyo mu buzima bwa misi yose, mu buzi no mu bigenga .
N’iki kwerekana aho ikintu giherereye ufatiye ku mpande z’isi?
Ukwerekana aho ikintu giherereye ufatiye ku mpande z’isi ni umurwi w’ubuhinga bwerekana aho ikintu giherereye, umuntu ari, aho abantu baherereye ufatiye ku mpande z’isi ukoresheje terefone ngendanwa, terefone ngendanwa zigezweho bita tablette, imashini nyabwonko ngendanwa canke ikindi gikoresho cashizwe ku muhora gishoboye kubikora.
Kwerekana aho ikintu giherereye ukoresheje igikoresho bita GPS (Global positionning System) ni ugukurikirana ikintu (imodoka, Umuntu, igikoko, terefone) ukoresheje ico gikoresho bita GPS uheza ugashira kuri ico kintu ukeneye kwerekana aho giherereye.
Kwerekana aho ikintu giherereye ufatiye ku mpande z’isi ni ubuhinga buri mu bintu vyose biri k’umuhora ngurukana bumenyi (Ama terefone agezweho, imashini nyabwonko) bigafasha kwishura ibibazo vyo mu buzima bwa misi yose.
Ubwo buhinga bwamuka he?
Mu ntango, kwerekana aho ikintu giherereye hakoreshejwe ikigendajuru (GPS) ni umugambi washizweho mu mwaka wa 1973 n‘ikigo c’ukwivuna abansi ca Amerika kugira gikoreshwe mu vya gisirikare gusa mu gihe haba intambara ikanye. Ihangiro kwari ukumenya ahabaye ibitero vya gisirikare. Umuhinga muvyirwa vy‘ubushakashatsi n’ubufundi w’umunyamerika yitwa Ivan A Getting niwe yashizeho ubwo buhinga mu ntango z’umwaka wa 1970, Ivan A Getting ati : Hari amatara kw’ijuru akaboneshereza zina muntu wese.
Igikoresho GPS cari kigenewe ibikorwa vya gisirikare gushika mu mwaka wa 1983 aho indege y’ishirahamwe Korean Airlines izimiriye ikinjira mu kirere c’uburusiya mu nyuma ikaraswa n’indege zico gihugu. Umukuru w’igihugu c’Amerika Reagan aca asaba ko ubwo buhinga bukoresha ico gikoresho ca GPS buhabwa n’iyindi mirwi y’abantu atari abasirikare kugira amakosa nkayo yo mu kirere ntabe agisubira. Reta ya Amerika yaciye ishiraho ico gikoresho muri iyo mirwi yindi y’abantu ibashiriraho n’ukuntu bazokwinjira muri ubwo buhinga.
Ubwo buhinga baciye batangura kubukoresha neza mu mwaka wa 1995 nubwo bari babushizemwo agasembwa ku kijanye no kwerekana neza aho ikintu kiri . Ako gasembwa kagiye kuvanywaho muri rusama umwaka wa 2000 bitegetswe n’umukuru w’igihugu Clinton.
Ubwo buhinga bugenda gute?
Ubwo buhinga burashobora kwerekana nk’akarorero aho terefone ngendanwa iri, imashini nyabwonko mukwerekana aho ziherereye ufatiye ku mpande z’isi hakoreshejwe uguhana amakuru n’ibigendajuru, ya nomero kabanga IP (kuri ngurukana bumenyi), umuhora witwa WiFi n’umuhora wa terefone ngendanwa.
Muri rusangi utwo dukoresho dufasha kwerekana aho umuntu canke ibintu biherereye dukora mu buhinga burimwo kubiri: ubwa mbere bwerekana aho uri abandi bariko barabukoresha, ubugira kabiri bukerekana aho ibindi bintu nkenerwa biri (uburiro, ubunywero ,….) ufatiye aho uba uri.
Turabire hamwe ubuhinga bukoreshwa mukwerekana aho Umuntu canke ibintu biri ufatiye ku mpande z’isi :
Harakoreshwa igikoresho bita GPS (Global pasitionning System mu congereza), ni ubuhinga bwerekana aho uri muri rusangi kw’isi hakoreshejwe ibigendajuru.
Umurwi w’ibigendajuru bikorana na GPS ugizwe n’ibigendajuru nyamukuru 24 hamwe n’ibigendajuru 4 vy‘integabizoza mu gihe izo zindi zitariko zirakora neza, ziraheza zikazunguruka isi yose mu masaha 12. Hariho ibigo 5 bikurikirana ivyo bigendajuru, mukubika ku mwanya ku mwanya inkuru zitanzwe nivyo bigendajuru, ivyo bigo birafasha kandi gutondeka ivyo bigendajuru kimwe kimwe mu nzira yaco, hakamenyekana n’udukosa twabaye kuri kimwe kimwe.
Ugukora kwa GPS gushingiye ku nyabutatu kugira yerekane Aho ikintu giherereye, ibitanga mu buryo 3 (x = ufatiye kuri wa murongo ugabura isi mwo kabiri bita Équateur, Y = ufatiye kuri wa murongo twisunga mu guharura amasaha Meriden de Greenwich, Z = uburebure bw’ahantu), ubugira kane ni umwanya. Haba hakenewe rero isaha idasanzwe ikorana n’imishwarara y’isi hamwe na GPS iheza igatoranura amakuru yose atanzwe n’ibigendajuru.
Ikigendajuru cose kiratanga umushwarara k’umuvuduko uzwi. Icakirizo ca GPS gica giharura umwanya waheze kugira uwo mushwarara ushike muri GPS. Uwo mwanya umaze kuboneka ukawugwiza n’umuvuduko uwo mushwarara wajeko, haca haboneka uko ikirere gitandukanya ikigendajuru na GPS kingana.
Biroroshe cane , GPS yawe iharura uko ico kirere kiri hagati y’ayo n’ikigendajuru ca mbere kingana. Dufatiye kuri iyo nkuru imwe ivuye kuri ico kigendajuru ca mbere bisigura ko ya GPS yacu iri ku mubumbe w’isi uhagatiwe na ca kigendajuru. Usubiyemwo ico gikorwa n’ikigendajuru ca 3, ukarondera aho imizingi 3 ihurira, turashobora kubona ahari utuburungu 2, kamwe kari kw’isi, tukaba tumenye aho GPS iherereye vy’imfatakibanza.
Ikigendajuru ca 4 cerekana ubutandukane bw’isaha yerekanywe na GPS n’isaha nyakuri yerekanywe n’ikigendajuru, kugira ngo umuntu amenye neza aho ya GPS iherereye. Uko ico gikorwa gikorwa n’ibigendajuru vyinshi niko gitanga umusaruro mwiza.
Harakoreshwa igikoresho bita GSM, ni ubundi buhinga bwo kwerekana aho ikintu kiri ufatiye ku mpande z’isi, hakoreshejwe iminara y’itumatumanako amakuru y’ama terefone ngendanwa. Ubushobozi bwo kwerekana aho ikintu giherereye ni kuva ku metero 200 gushika ku birometero atari bike, bivanye n’ubushobozi bw’umunara.
Kugira umenye aho umunywanyi w’umuhora wo gutumatumanako amakuru ari iyo asanzwe yaremeye gukorana n’ubwo buhinga, uraheza ugaca muri ayo mazu yo gutumatumanako bakaraba umunara uriko urakorana na terefone ngendanwa yiwe muri uwo mwanya. Umunara umenyekanye, haraba ihana makuru hagati ya nya munara naya terefone ngendanwa, hagaca hamenyekana ikirere kiri hagati y’umunara na ya terefone ngendanwa uko kingana. Ibiharuro nyakuri biraheza bikavana n’ukuntu aha hantu hafata.
Bigenda gute iyo GPS idakora neza muri terefone ngendanwa yawe? muri ico gihe, iyo ngendanwa yawe ico ikoresha amakuru ihawe naya minara y’integabizoza ugaheza ukabona aho uherereye vyimfatakibanza, n’ubwo ibiharuro bitangwa bitaba bisorongoye nk’ivya GPS. Nkako, kwerekana aho ikintu giherereye ufatiye ku mpande z’isi hakoreshejwe terefone ngendanwa haraho biba ngombwa ubwo buhinga bukifashisha ya nyabutatu ya GPS, umuhora wa WiFi kugira ngo bitange ibiharuro bitosoye neza.
Hakoreshejwe umuhora wa WiFi
Kwerekana aho ikintu giherereye hakoreshejwe umuhora wa WiFi hifashishwa amakuru atangwa n’iyindi mihora WiFi kugira herekanwe neza aho iyo ngendanwa iherereye. Terefone igezweho ikorana nuwo muhora wa WiFi irashobora kwifashisha uwo muhora iyo uri hafi hagaheza hakamenyekana ikibanza irimwo.
Kwerekana aho ikintu giherereye hakoreshejwe za nomero kabanga twita IP ( ku muhora ngurukana bumenyi).
Ubwo buryo burerekana aho imashini nyabwonko iri canke n’imashini iyariyo yose yashizwe k’umuhora ngurukana bumenyi ikaba ifise nomero kabanga y’ayo. Gutanga izo nomero kabanga birazwi kandi bifise amategeko vyisunga ku buryo imashini ishizwe ku muhora ngurukana bumenyi uheza ukamenya igihugu irimwo ufatiye kuri ya nomero IP yayo, urashobora kumenya n’igisagara irimwo ufatiye kukugene uwatanze izo nomero yazitanze. Hamwe izo nyinshu zose twozishira hamwe:
Ubuhinga bwose burafise ico bushimwa nico bunegurwa, hariho ibikoresho bigezweho bishobora gukoreshereza rimwe ubwo buhinga 3, bukerekana neza aho imashini nyabwonko iri. Ya ma terefone agezweho arashoboye gukoresha ubwo buhinga uko ari butatu (3) icarimwe bigaheza bigatanga umusaruro utyoroye neza. Birashoboka kuronka ibiharuro vyerekana aho ikintu giherereye bitanzwe na GSM, muri uwo mwanya nyene GPS ikaba iriko irarondeza kugira yerekane neza ikibanza.
Bivanye n’uko uwuriko arakoresha ubwo buhinga agiye ku murongo akoresheje imashini nyabwonko, terefone igezweho ngendanwa canke ikindi gikoresho gishobora kuja ku murongo, kwerekana aho ikintu giherereye ufatiye ku mpande z’isi bikorwa ugutwndukanye. Ivyo bituma ushobora kwerekana aho umuntu aherereye ari hanze ukoresheje GPS, ukamenya aho yagiye araca mu nyubakwa kanaka ukoresheje ubuhinga bwa GSM buri kumwe na WiFi kugira umusaruro ube mwiza cane.
Aho ubwo buhinga bugarukira
Iyo hakoreshejwe GPS, inkuru itangwa n’ibigendajuru nta bukomezi iba ifise ntishobora kurengana ngo yinjire mu nzu, ntirengana ivyuma, vyumvikane ko ubwo budakoresherezwa mu nzu. Ikindi twokwongerako n’uko uwo mushwarara uzanye inkuru ivuye ku kigendajuru, urashobora kwononwa n’ibindi bintu vyinshi, nk’iyo ibirere bikanye, amazu, imisozi, amashamba, izuba. Ivyuma bikoreshwa n’ubwo buhinga bwa GPS bukoresha umuriro mwinshi. Kubera iyo mvo, terefone ngendanwa zigezweho zikorana n’ubwo buhinga, zozo urashobora kwatsa canke ukazimya kugira ngo uziganye umuriro wayo.
Iyo hakoreshejwe GSM, hariho uburere usanga budafata uwo murongo bivanye n’ubushobozi bw’umunara uri hafi. Mu gihe igitigiri c’iminara ari gito, kwerekana aho ikintu giherereye bitanga ibiharuro bidatomoye canke ntibinaboneke.
Kwerekana aho ikintu giherereye hakoreshejwe GSM, ubushobozi bw’ubwo buhinga buvana n’ubushobozi bw’umunara wa WiFi uriko urakoresha n’ukuntu uri hafi yawo, bisigura ko inyuma y’imetero nka cumi (10) kenshi ntibikunda ko uronka umurongo.
E.N
