Vyateguwe na Bernardino Sebahire, umusesanguzi
Intumbero
Uko ibintu muri Repuburika iharanira intwaro rusangi ya Kongo bivuguruzanya cane. K’uruhande rumwe ico gihugu kirafise ubutunzi kama bwinshi nk’ubutare, ibidukikije vyinshi, amasoko ntanganguvu yisubiriza. Ku rundi ruhande, ubutunzi dufatiye k’umuntu buri hasi càne ugereranije n’ibindi bihugu vyo ku mugabane wa Afrika. Musi y’ibice 7% vy’abantu bararonka umuyagankuba. Ico gihugu kandi kiracari mu bikwega amaguru mu bijanye niterambere rirama (ODD).
Iyongerekana ry’indyane ryarashize ico gihugu mu ruhagarara rutagira izina. Uburyo bukenewe kugira ico gihugu gitunganirize beneco bwigwije akarenga kabri 2 mu mwaka umwe. Muri Repuburika iharanira intwaro rusangi ya Kongo (RDC), ubutare bwaho bwadutsemwo uruhagarara hamwe no guhungabanya agateka ka zina muntu. Ivyegeranyo vyinshi vy’amashirahamwe adaharanira ivyicaro vya politike birerekana ihonyangwa rikomeye ry’agateka ka zina muntu mu bice birimwo ubutare kw’isi nzima muri rusangi na cane cane mu bihugu vy’ ibiyaga binini. Nubwo bimeze uko, kwimba ubutare mu buryo bubayabaye mu bice bitobito vyaratanze ubushobozi, birashobora kubeshaho abasoda babakukuruke hamwe n’urwaruka rwasubijwe mu buzima busanzwe.
Mu buseruko bwa Repuburika iharanira intwaro rusangi ya Kongo (RDC), hari uburyo budasanzwe kugira batekanye igice kirimwo ubutare 3 bise 3 T (étain, tantale na tungitene), ariko intambwe iracari ndende kugira ahacukurwa ubutare hakoreshejwe uburyo bubayabaye hose hatekane na cane cane ahakiri mu minwe y’ imirwi yitwaje ibirwanisho canke abandi bantu batazwi n’igisoda canke igipolisi vy’igihugu. Ikibazo nyamukuru gisigaye ahacukurwa inzahabu: Dufatiye ku ngereranyo, ibice biri musi ya 10% vy’inzahabu bicukurwa hakoreshejwe ubuhinga bubayabaye birafise Umwidondoro.
Kugira uwo muzingi w’ubugizi bwa nabi uzimangane hagati y’ironderwa rya cane ry’ubutare hamwe n’ihonyangwa ry’agateka ka zina muntu, intambara, abaguzi b’ubutare, amahinguriro hamwe n’ibihugu bitegerezwa gushigikira icukurwa no kudandaza ubutare biciye mu mategeko co kimwe n’ imigambi ijanye no gushira Umwidondoro ku Butare.
Ibihugu vyo mu karere k’ibiyaga binini nka Repuburika iharanira intwaro rusangi ya Kongo (RDC) vyaritunganije mu kugira urunani inama mpuzamahanga mu karere k’ibiyaga binini (Conférence Internationale Sur la Région des Grands Lacs CIRGL) bica bishinga urupapuro rwakarere rujanye no gushora hanze ubutare bucukuwe mu mategeko. Repuburika iharanira intwaro rusangi ya Kongo yarashizeho ingingo ku bijanye n’uruhara rwayo mu gukurikirana iryo hanahana ry’ubutare. Guhanahana ubutare biciye mu mategeko n’ingendo isaba n’ubushake, ariko inguvu z’abaguzi hamwe nugushaka kw’abanyamahinguriro bitumwa hashingwa itegeko ntihabe ubushake gusa .
Intambamyi
Kuri izo ntambamyi, urubuga rwitwa ” Blockchain” ni inyishu yama forode y’ubutare. Patrike Lwabaguma, umwe mubari mu mashirahamwe adaharanira ivyicaro vya politike akongera akaba n’umuhinga mu vyubutare n’agataka aratanga iciyumviro ciwe ku kijanye no gukoresha ubuhinga bwa none muri ico gisata c’ubutare: « ku kijanye n’umwidondoro w’ubutare muri kivu y’ubumanuko, mbandanya mbaza ko tutatsinze urukino. Twoshobora kuvuga ko hariho intambwe nziza mu Butare bita “étain” ariko ku nzahabu haracarimwo ingorane zikomeye. Gushika ubu, inzahabu zo mu buseruko bwa Kongo nta mwidondoro bufise uburanga, arico gituma ku musi ku musi twumva ama forode y’ubutare ku bwinshi, niyo mpamvu ku musi ku musi twumva indyane zifatiye kuri izo nzahabu zitagira umwidondoro ». Ariko kuri bwa Butare twiswe “3 T”, twoshobora kuvuga ko bwobwo bufise umwidondoro utunganijwe nka neza n’ubwo hakirimwo intambamyi, kuko nk’uko mubizi, umwidondoro w’ubutare ugizwe n’amajambo y’imice 3 : gusarura, gutwara be no kudandaza ubwo butare. Ariko biragaragara ko hari ubutare buva mu kirombwe (ikinogo) butwarwa ata mw’idondoro wabwo bufise. Hariho ubutare bwinjira muri kino gihe ku masoko yawo ata mwidondoro bw’uwubudandaje bufise. Ivyo vyose bituma habaho ububiko bw’ubutare budakurikije amategeko bigaca bitosekaza rwa rukurikirane rw’umwidondoro haba mu gutwara ubutare canke kubudandaza. Icari co n’uko ubutare bwose bwomenyekana kuva iyo bwavuye, aho bwadandarijwe, uwubudandaje, uwabuguze gushika aho bwahinguriwe.
Ubuhinga bwa none mu gisata c’ubutare n’agataka muri repuburika iharanira intwaro rusangi ya kongo (RDC)
Kuri ico, Patrike aremeza, « dufatiye mu karere turimwo, nivyiza cane ko ubutare bucukuwe mu buseruko bwa Repuburika iharanira intwaro rusangi ya Kongo bumenyekana, bigira akarusho mu bihugu bibanyi, ku ba bucukura, ababugura, ariko muri ibi bihe tubayemwo ubu, nibaza ko vyobamwo intambamyi zifatiye ku musaruro w’ubutare mu gihugu. Muzobona nk’akarorero ibihugu bivuga ko vyimbuye ibiro bitari bike vyinzahabu kandi bitokwerekana ibinogo babucukuyemwo. Inzahabu zirava Misisi (Kivu y’ubumanuko) zikaza mu Burundi, mu Buganda, muri Tanzaniya ; inzahabu ziva muri Shabunda (Kivu y’ubumanuko) zikaja mu Rwanda ziciye mu kiyaga Kivu hamwe n’ubundi butare bwitwa ” étain”, coltan na wolframite. Mu gihe twoshira ico gisata mu buhinga bwa none n’ukuvuga icukurwa, ukudandaza, ugutwara, ubutare, n’ivyukuri amahinguriro y’ urwanda abavuga ko ategerezwa kuja aho ubwo butare bucukurirwa kugira baronke ubwo amahinguriro yabo akeneye, amahinguriro yunguke, umucukuzi arico gihugu ca Kongo cunguke ndetse n’ubundi buryo bwose bwo gucukura no kudandaza bitere Imbere kuko muri ico gihe tuzoba twinjiye mu ndinganizo nyezina yo guhingura ubutare ari nayo mpamvu umusaruro uvuyemwo usabikanywa bose bagashikirwa bigatandukana cane n’uko ubutare bugenda mu kinyegero. Intambamyi y’ishirwa mu ngiro ry’ubwo buhinga ifatiye ku makori. Biravugwa ko nimba hari ubutare buca mu kinyegero muri Kongo vyoba biva ku makori y’umurengera kandi atandukanye yo ku butare, bigatuma umuguzi wabwo ahitamwo kubutwara mu kinyegero mu kwikingira ayo makori, tutavuze ingorane z’umutekano muke y’imirwi yitwaje ibirwanisho iri nka hose muri ico gihugu, ubwo buhinga bugiye mu ngiro, ibintu vyoja ku murongo ku rugero rutari ruto kuko muri ico gihe, twomenya tuti ubu butare bwavuye ahanaka, bwaguriwe kwisoko iri, bugurwa n’umuguzi kanaka nawe abugurisha kw’ihinguriro kanaka gutyo rwa rukurikirane rw’umwidondoro w’ubutare rukamenyekana ».
Twibutse ko kuva mu mwaka w’2000, Kongo yinjiye mw’ihinduka ku bijanye n’igisata c’ubutare n’agataka. Hariho umugambi w’impinduka muri ico gihugu ca Repuburika iharanira intwaro rusangi ya Kongo, uwo mugambi urongowe n’umuryango mpuzamakungu.
E.N
