Mu nkuru zacu z’imbere y’iyi, twaravuze umuhora ngurukana bumenyi mu bikoresho hamwe n’ubwenge bw’imashini nyabwonko. Bumwe bwose muri ubwo buhinga burafise ico bukoreshwa, akamaro kabwo n’amakemwa yabwo mu gihe ugiye uragereranya bumwe n’ubundi.
Twarasesanguye :
Ubwenge bw’imashini nyabwonko (IA canke AI pour Artificial Intelligence en Anglais) ni umurwi w’ivyirwa vy’ubushakashatsi, ubuhinga, ishirwa hamwe kugira hakorwe imashini ishobora kugira ubwenge nk’ubwo umuntu, ishobora gusubiramwo nk’ivyo umuntu akora.
Umuhora ngurukana bumenyi mu bikoresho (IdO canke IoT pour Internet of Things en anglais) ayo majambo asigura ibikoresho bicometse k’umuhora ngurukana bumenyi bigashobora guha amakuru abantu ndetse navyo bigahanahana amakuru. Ivyo bituma ibikoresho indiri canke vyinshi n’abantu indiri baja ku murongo ngurukana bumenyi.
Hamwe ubwo buhinga bwokoresherezwa rimwe mu gikorwa kimwe, tworonka umusaruro umeze ute?
Mu butandukane bw’ubwo buhinga, ubwenge bw’imashini nyabwonko be n’umuhora ngurukana bumenyi mu bikoresho ni ubuhinga budufasha kwisununura mu buzima bwa misi yose ariko rero tubukoreshereje rimwe vyotuma dutera intambwe nini, bigatuma vya bikoresho bishobora gukora, bigafata ingingo ata muntu yiriwe arabikoresha.
Ugukoreshereza rimwe ubwo buhinga bavyita « ubwenge bw’imashini nyabwonko mu bikoresho (canke AIoT en anglais pour Artificial Intelligence of Things) ».
Iyo ubwo buhinga bukoresherejwe rimwe buba bufise ubushobozi bw’umuhora ngurukana bumenyi, bigaca bituma ibikoresho bicometse kuri uwo muhora canke bikorana n’ubwo buhinga bikora neza kurusha, umuntu agashobora kugenzura ibiba birimwo vyoroshe kandi ningoga, ari amakuru umuntu akuramwo canke ashira mu mashini bikanyaruka.
Biragaragara ko uko ibikoresho bikorana n’ubwo buhinga bizogenda birarwira niko namakuru abikwamwo canke ahanahanwa kuri ubwo buhinga azoba menshi. Ni aho rero ubwo buhinga buhagaze muguha ishusho nyayo uguhanahana amakuru nkenerwa muvyo dukora.
Muri iyi nkuru, turaja gukoresha impfunyapfunyo zicongereza AI (intelligence artificielle) ni ukuvuga Bwa bwenge bw’imashini nyabwonko, IdO (Internet des objets) ni ukuvuga umuhora ngurukana bumenyi mu bikoresho hamwe na AIoT (intelligence Artificielle des objet) ni ukuvuga ubwo buhinga bubiri bwa mbere bukoresherejwe rimwe.
Bigenda Gute iyo ubwo buhinga bubiri bukoresherejwe rimwe?
Umuhora ngurukana bumenyi mu bikoresho ahanini ukorana n’ibikoresho ushobora gucomeka canke gushira ku muhora (terefone zigezweho, amatara, ibikoresho bishusha, imashini zo kumesa, ama robo, isaha, imodoka , …..).
Ivyo bikoresho birafise ivyakirizo bituma vyakira canke bigatanga amakuru nkenerwa mu kazi. Ni ukuvuga ko wa muhora twita IdO, ni igikoresho gifatiye ku bintu bijanye no kwegeranya amakuru ahatandukanye hamwe no kuyatanga ukwari. Ibikoresho bicometse kuri rwa rubuga bikaronka ya makuru nkenerwa kuko uko yabonetse ariko atangwa.
Ubwo bwenge bw’imashini nyabwonko ahabwo buba bukeneye ayo makuru kugira buyahingure mu makuru y’agaciro atuma hafatwa ingingo iyi canke iriya ibereye. Nk’akarorero ya mudasobwa twita AI mu mpfunyapfunyo irashobora gusorongora amakuru avuye muri vya vyuma bicometse kuri wa muhora mu mwanya muto cane, ikagira amakuru itanze mu bishobora kuba canke mu vyokorwa, ibikoresho vyokoreshwa kugira haboneke umusaruro mwiza mu gisata kanaka mu ntumbero yo gukinga ivyaduka vyoshobora gushika mu gisata iki canke kiriya ku mvo zo kutamenya.
Ubwo buhinga bubiri (2) burunganiranira kugira haboneke inyungu. AI ishiramwo ubushobozi bwo kumenya ibintu, kuvyiga canke kubikora bitagoranye hifashijwe vya vyuma bicometse kuri ubwo buhinga, IOT nayo igaha ubwo buhinga IA igahanahana amakuru vyoroshe mu buryo bunyaruka. Ivyo bica bituma vya vyuma bikorana n’ubwo buhinga bihanahana amakuru vyoroshe, bikora ibintu vyubwenge, bigashobora guhinyanyura amakuru nkenerwa afasha mu gutunganya neza imirimo itandukanye. Ubuhinga AI buratuma ibikoresho bibukoresha bigira ubwenge burenze muvyo bikora.
Mu yandi Majambo, umuhora ngurukana bumenyi wo mu bikoresho urafasha mu gutororokanya (kwegeranya) amakuru be no mukworosha guhanahana amakuru hagati ya vya bikoresho n’isi yose. Iyo ubwo buhinga bukoresherejwe rimwe ni ukuvuga wa muhora ngurukana bumenyi wo mu bikoresho hamwe na bwa bwenge bw’ibi nyabwonko ni nko gushira ubwonko mu kintu kigaca kigira ubwenge cose.
Izo mashini nyabwonko rero zirashobora gufata ingingo zijanye n’igikorwa kanaka bivanye n’ubwo bwenge bwayo buza atawububwirije kugira butorere inyishu ikibazo kanaka ibereye, mu mwanya mwiza, atari umuntu arinze kubikora ivyo vyose.
Uburorero bw’ubuhinga AIoT:
Ukoreshereje rimwe umuhora ngurukana bumenyi wo mu bikoresho be n’ubwenge bw’imashini nyabwonko bigira ubuhinga AIoT igikoresho gikomeye cane kandi ngirakamaro mu bikorwa vyinshi. Reka turabire hamwe bimwe muri ivyo:
Imangazini nyabwenge
Umurwi wa vya bikoresho bifata amasanamu bicometse kuri ya mashini nyabwonko birashobora kumenya umuguzi bifashe mu maso hiwe mu gihe yinjiye mu muryango w’imangazini. Ivyo bikoresho bifata amasanamu birabika amakuru y’abaguzi atandukanye aha twovuga nko kumenya ko umuguzi ari umugore canke umugabo, kumenya ivyo akunda kugura hanyuma iyo nyabwonko igaca itanga intumbero ku bijanye n’ukuntu uwo muguzi yakirwa.
Ico cegeranyo gitangwa n’iyo mashini gituma hafatwa ingingo zituma ibikorwa bigenda neza mu mangazini, mu kudandaza canke kubika neza ibidandazwa. Birafasha mu gucungera umutekano w’ibidandazwa, gusorongora amakuru be no kuyatanga.
Gukwirikirana ibintu hifashishijwe indege itagira umudereva.
Mu bisagara nyabwenge, hariho ibintu vyinshi bikoresha ubuhinga twise AIoT. Nk’akarorero gukwirikirana ibijanye no kwiyunguruza mu mabarabara hakoreshejwe indege itagira umudereva. Ico gikorwa co gucungera ivyo kwiyunguruza ku mwanya ku mwanya, bituma ivyo kwiyunguruza vyoroha kuko nta guhurirana mu mabarabara bisubira kuba.
Iyo harungitswe indege nyinshi kugira zicungere akarere kanaka, ziraheza zigatanga amakuru ku bijanye no kwiyunguruza, hanyuma bwa buhinga AI bugaca busorongora ayo makuru. Ivyo bigatuma hafatwa ingingo zibereye zituma ivyo kwiyunguruza bigenda neza ntihasubire kuba ivyo guhurirana mu mabarabara, mu gufata ingingo ku bijanye n’imivuduko y’imiduga, kumenya ahakenewe kuja ya matara afasha muvyo kubisikanya mu mabarabara bitiriwe birakorwa n’umuntu.
Gusuzuma imodoka zigenda
Ubuhinga AIoT burakoreshwa muri ino misi mugukurikirana imiduga yo mu murwi kanaka, mu gukurikirana isuzumwa ryazo canke kumenya ububegito bw’umudereva kanaka.
Bitumwe n’ibikoresho, ubuhinga AIoT nk’ibikoresho twita GPS hamwe n’ibindi vyakirizo nyabwenge amashirahamwe arashobora gukurikirana neza ingendeshwa zabo.
Ubuhinga AIoT burakoreshwa kandi ku modoka zigenga mu kuzinyonga ata mudereva arimwo hakoreshejwe ivyuma bita Radars, Sonars, GPS hamwe n’ivyuma vyo gufata amasanamu kugira birondere amakuru ajanye no kunyonga iyo miduga twovuga nk’imiduga yo mu bwoko bwa Teslc canke Mercedes.
Hanyuma ubuhinga IA nibwo buheza bugaca bufasha mu gufata ingingo bitumwe na za nkuru zaboneka bigatuma ukwirikirana ku mwanya ku mwanya imodoka yawe.
Ivyuma vyigenga bifise ubwenge nk’abantu bita Robot
Nka kumwe bwa buhinga AIoT bukora ku miduga yigenga, ama robo yigenga canke za ndege zitagira umudereva ni bumwe mu burorero bukoresha bwa buhinga AIoT.
Zirafise ivyakirizo vyakira inkuru zaho biri canke biriko biraca hanyuma bigafata ingingo ibereye ku mwanya wo ikintu vyokwitwara bitumwe n’ubwenge bifise, bigatuma ivyo vyuma bifata inzira yavyo bikamenya uko bikora bivanye n’aho bigeze, biranashika bigafata ingingo yihuta kandi ibereye iyo bikenewe.
Gusozera
Mu gusozera, ubwenge bw’imashini nyabwonko hamwe n’umuhora ngurukana bumenyi wo mu bikoresho ni ubuhinga bwunganiranira. Iyo bukoresherejwe hamwe umusaruro uba mwinshi kandi mwiza.
Naho biri uko, ubwo buhinga buracari mu ntango burakeneye guhinyanyurwa kuko hariho ibitarashikwako.
Ubuhinga AIoT burakeneye iterambere ribandanya kuko umuvuduko w’umuhora ngurukana bumenyi uguma uhinduka twovuga nkumuzo w’umuvuduko wa 5G hamwe na WiFi bigaca bituma havuka ubundi buzi.
Ugushira ubwo bwenge bw’ivyuma nyabwonko mu bikoresho bicometse kuri bwo bituma bitahura akarere birimwo kandi bikiyumvira nk’abantu.
Vyahinduwe mu Kirundi na E.N
