Ibihe bitoroshe ayo mahera ariko aracamwo haraheze amezi atari make bisa n’ibitimirije guhera. Amasoko y’ayo mahera yagumye ari mu bihuhusi atakaza agaciro uno musi agasubira akisununura umusi ukurikira. Imvo zavyo ni izahe? amahera yo ku buhinga ngurukana bumenyi arakorwako n’ibihuhusi vy’ubutunzi kw’isi. Iduga ry’ibiciro muri Reta Zunze Umbumwe za Amerika ryabaye rurangiranywa inyuma y’intambara y’isi ya 2 vyatumye n’ifaranga ry’abanyaburaya rita agaciro muri iyo misi. Inyishu zose abajejwe ivy’ubutunzi muri Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika bagerageje gutora zaza zihungabanya amasoko y’ayo mahera yo ku buhinga ngurukana bumenyi.
Iryo koroka ry’agaciro ryabandanije rikomera Bitcoin ari nkayo mahera atwara ayandi nayo nyene yarashikiriwe ku buryo bitoroshe gusubira gutora umurongo. Bitcoin yigeze kuba rurangiranywa mu mahera rurangiranywa mu mahera ngurukana bumenyi yashikanye agaciro kangana n’amadorari 69000, yaratakaje agaciro gushika ku gice cayo. Ivyo bihe bibi bitoroshe kuri ayo mahera vyatanguye kuva intambara ya Ukraine itanguye. Bitcoin yarabandanije gutakaza agaciro ku musi ku musi. Mu mezi 6, neza na neza muri Rusama iheze yarakorotse agaciro kugeza ku madorari 30000, bikaba bitari bwigere biboneka muri kahise k’ayo mafaranga yo ku buhinga ngurukana bumenyi. Eka n’ayandi mahera yo Ku buhinga ngurukana bumenyi yaciye akwirikira atakaza agaciro nkuko kwa Bitcoin. Kuva ico gihe, ayo mahera vyagiye birayagora kuduga uwo musozi kugira asubire gushika ku rugero rw’ agaciro yariko mu mwaka uheze.
Abatumye ivyo biba barazwi, ni ibanki nkuru ya Amerika , bitumwe n’intambara yo muri Ukraine ibiciro vyaraduze bica bihungabanya ubutunzi bwa Amerika be n’ubutunzi bw’isi yose. Ibanki nkuru ya Amerika yategerezwa gufata ingingo kuri iryo duga ry’ibiciro. Mu ngingo zafashwe harimwo kuduza urugero rw’inyungu mw’ibanki nkuru y’Igihugu mu ntumbero yo guhangana n’iryo duga ry’ibiciro ryahungabanije ubutunzi bw’igihugu. Ivyo nivyo biza bihungabanya amasoko. Ukugabanuka kw’amahera y’abanyamerika nivyo vyatumye ya mahera yo ku buhinga ngurukana bumenyi ahungabana nayo nyene. Murico gihe, ivyo bihe bitoroshe vyatumye amasoko yo muri Amerika atakaza agaciro mu bijanye n’ubuhinga. Ku bw’abahinga bamwe bamwe bavuga ko iryo hungabana muvy’ubutunzi ryashikiriye n’iciyumviro co gushinga amahera ngurukana bumenyi. Twaciye dusanga hariho isano hagati y’amahera yo ku buhinga ngurukana bumenyi hamwe n’imitahe, ivyo navyo ntivyari bimenyerewe. Nk’uko bimenyeshwa na Alexandre Stachtchenko umuyobozi wa Blockchain na Cryptos muri KPMG France.
Nk’uko nabivuze Aho hejuru iciyumviro co gushinga ama Bitcoins caraburijwemwo. Icipfuzo gishigikira ici ciyumviro co kubaka Bitcoin gifatiye ku bwigenge bw’ ama Reta hamwe nama Banki makuru. Bitcoin, tuvuge amahera yo ku buhinga ngurukana bumenyi muri rusangi, ntategerezwa kwisunga ama Reta canke ama Banki makuru. Hambavu yaho, harabonetse umwanya kugira hagwanywe iryo duga ry’ibiciro. Bose baremeranije ko ayo ma Banki ata bushobozi afise bwo kurinda iduga ry’ibiciro. Amasoko yahavuye atahura ko n’amahera yo ku buhinga ngurukana bumenyi akozweko n’ingingo y’ama banki makuru. Nk’uko bibandanya bishikirizwa na Alexandre Stachtchenko, abanyamitahe baguma baba benshi muri ibi vy’amahera yo ku buhinga ngurukana bumenyi. Haraheze imyaka 2, inzego z’abanyamitahe ziyongera mu gushira imitahe yabo muri ayo mahera ngereranije n’abanyamitahe bigenga. Ivyo vyagaragariye mu bwinshi bw’ihanahana ry’amahera k’urubuga Coinbase. Inzego z’abanyamitahe muri ayo mahera zibikora kurya ko ku masoko y’imitahe isanzwe. Mu gihe ama Banki makuru adugije urugero rw’inyungu, baca barondera imitahe ifise ubuhuhe buke bwo guhomba. Ivyo bisaba kumera magabo. Intambara yo muri Ukraine, igaruka ry’ikiza ca COVID mu bushinwa bica bifatana na poritike y’ibihugu bigaheza bigatuma abanyamitahe bahungabana.
Iyindi ngorane yatumye ayo mafaranga ata agaciro ni ihungabana ry’ico twita Stable coins. Ayo nayo ni amahera yo ku buhinga ngurukana bumenyi afatwa nk’ingwati y’uburinganire bw’ayo mahera be n’amadorari. Ivyo rero bituma stablecoin ategerezwa kurinda ihungabana ry’ibiciro bitumwe n’ihindagurika ry’ibiciro vy’amadorari. Icagaragaye n’ uko uku kwirinda ihungabana ry’ibiciro ataco ryavuyemwo n’aho abari bashinze stablecoin bari batanze umwizero ko ihindagurika ry’ibiciro vy’idorari ata ngorane bizotera kuri ayo mahera yo ku buhinga ngurukana bumenyi yegukira Tera azwi nka Luna. Vyaragaragayeko iyo nteguro itashoboye guhangana n’iduga ry’agaciro k’idorari.
Ihungabana ry’ubutunzi kw’isi ryaragaragaje intege nke z’amahera yo ku buhinga ngurukana bumenyi. Ubwigenge bwayo mahera ku ma Banki aba yarashizeko icizere, vyagaragaye ko ataco bumaze. Ntawuzi rero ico abahinga mu vy’ubuhinga ngurukana bumenyi batubikiye kugira basubize ibintu mu buryo.
Vyahinduwe mu kirundi na E.N
