Ayo mahera yagumye ari umutima w’isubira hasi ry’ubutunzi muri ino misi gushika aho twibaza igituma.
Ubwa mbere amasoko y’ayo mahera yarageragejwe kandi ni mashasha. Ubwo bushasha bwayo bwatumye ayo mahera akundwa n’abaguzi be n’ababitahuye nabi. N’ibisata vy’ubutunzi bizwi ko bitoroshe nka Wall Street vyamamwo abangushi. Isoko ridatunganijwe neza n’amategeko nk’iryayo mahera riragerageza cane abantu bashaka kuronka amahera ningoga kandi vyoroshe.
Kuri kameremere k’ayo mahera asanzwe akwiragiye hose, ayo mahera nta tegeko na rimwe mu mategeko y’ibihugu ayaraba canke ayagenga. Mu bihugu vyinshi vya Buraya, binateye imbere cane, ama tagisi atanga abavunja amahera yo ku buhinga ngurukana bumenyi ku ma euro gusa. Inyuma y’ivyo nta rubibe ruhari, nta nkinzo y’ayo mahera ihari, umuntu ashatse kugura ayo mahera arayagura uko ashatse, uko avyumva, uko avyipfuza, ariko uwo muntu aba ari nk’uwihevye, yemera ibimushikira vyose. Ntawe azokwitura bishitse bakamuhenda canke amahera yiwe akazimira. Uko kutabaho kw’amategeko ntikuraba gusa abanyamitahe, abakora muri ico gisata c’ayo mahera bose birabaraba.
Imigambi myinshi y’ayo mahera ikorwa gihutihuti nk’uko bimaze kugaragara, uwariwe wese arashobora gushinga amahera yo ku buhinga ngurukana bumenyi agashiramwo udukwegakwega abantu bikaviramwo bamwe kurwa mu mutego wo kwibwa, ibiheza bigashavuza rimwe na rimwe abanywanyi bayo mahera bigatuma bamwe biyonjorora mu kuyakoresha. Kubera ababa bayashinze baba batazwi kenshi bihera banyikanye ama miriyoni canke ama miriyaridi y’amadorari y’abantu. Ivyo vyemezwa n’imigambi idafashe ifatiye kuri ayo mahera tutibagiye no gutanga umwizero ugoye guhamvya canke mbere bitanashoboka. Gusa hariho imigambi imwimwe yizewe bisaba kubanza kuyimenya kuko kenshi na kenshi usanga iyo migambi isa n’iyihuha. Twotanga akarorero nka Stable coin Terra USD, yubakiye ku madorari y’abanyamerika ariko nayo yataye agaciro cane mu mwaka uheze, vyahejeje bigatera amakenga, bigashavuza abanyamitahe benshi bica bituma amasoko yose muri rusangi ahungabana.
Ukuyavunja nako nyene ntigukingiwe, haraja haribonekezamwo amanyanga, hari ubwoko bushika 6000 bw’ayo mahera. Hejuru y’ayo mahera, hari amashirahamwe nka Binance canke Uniswap yo yipfuza gukora nk’umuhuza mu gushiraho ingodomoni ngendanwa. Abo bahuza batuma abakoresha ayo mahera bashobora kuvunja amahera yabo ku mahera yo ku buhinga ngurukana bumenyi canke amahera yo ku buhinga ngurukana bumenyi ku mahera yabo asanzwe. Ariko ivyo ntibisigura ko bitagira ingaruka ku masoko, haba namba.
Igisata citwa FTX kirabitwereka neza. FTX ni igisata kinini c’ayo mahera gifise amahera yaco yo ku buhinga ngurukana bumenyi. Ico gisata carigeze guhomba imiriyaridi y’amadorari bitumwe no gusesagura amatungo yaco bikozwe n’uwagishinze Sam Bankman -Fried, yari azwi ku ritazirano rya SBF.
Uruhombo nkurwo ku mvo nkizo rwamaho. Ariko ubwigenge hagati y’amahera atandukanye hamwe n’ibisata vyo kuvunja bwaratumye haba ibintu bibi bituma haba uruhombo rutagira uko ruharurwa kw’isoko ry’amahera yo ku buhinga ngurukana bumenyi, twovuga nk’amasoko ya Bitcoin na Ethereum. Nivyo bisata 2 vy’ayo mahera vyakozweko. Uguhomba kw’ayo mahera kwaratumye amasoko akorwako cane bituma ama tokens azimangana nk’uko vyashikiye FTX. Ako kajagari ni nk’akagohe katuma ababijejwe biga amategeko agenga amasoko y’ayo mahera yo ku buhinga ngurukana bumenyi.
Mu Bufaransa abashingamateka bamwe bamwe baragerageje kwiga kuri ico kibazo. Barakoranye kugira bavugane ingene hoshirwaho iryo tegeko rishasha ryotuma ico gisata gikomera. Iryo tegeko rifise intumbero yo gutegeka abakorera muri ico gisata c’ayo mahera kubanza gusaba uruhusha rwo gukorera akazi ko ku buhinga ngurukana bumenyi bita PSA, kwiyandikisha ku bajejwe amasoko mu vy’ubutunzi, aho bita AMF. Kugira ico gisata gikwirikiranwe neza, uruhusha rwotangwa mu buryo butandukanye.
Abo bashingamateka bo mu Bufaransa barakozweko n’ihomba rya FTX baca bavyiyumvira gutyo. Bariko bararaba ukuntu bobuza amashirahamwe canke amahinguriro yo mu Bufaransa kutivanga muri ico gisata c’ayo mahera yikitse inyuma y’uko guhomba kwayo. Hamwe iryo tegeko ryoza rikengurukwa, ryoca rikoreshwa no mu bindi bihugu vya Buraya kugira rifashe muri ico gisata.
Ibiheruka gushika muri ico gisata vyatumye amasoko ahungabana vyahaye iciyumviro abantu ko ayo mahera ashobora kuzimangana umwanya uwariwo wose. Nubwo habaye ukuzimangana kw’ayo mahera yo ku buhinga ngurukana bumenyi ayandi agatakaza agaciro nka Terra na FTX , Bitcoin na Ethereum yagumye yihagazeko mugusubira kwisubiza agaciro. Abipfuza ko azimangana baracarindiriye. Benshi baremeza ko niyo ubuhinga bwa none bwatangura gukoreshwa n’abantu benshi, harashobora kuba iterambere ridasanzwe ry’ayo mahera ndetse n’amasoko y’ayo agatekana.
Uguhungabana kw’ubutunzi kwagiye kurisubiriza muri aya mezi aheze nta misi bizomara. Amasoko arafise ubushobozi bwo gukosora udusembwa turi muri ico gisata.Uko hagize uwugomba kwifashisha utwo dusembwa ngo agire ubusuma, amasoko yo nyene arisubiza agaciro mu gukosora utwo dukosa. Turamaze kubona yuko abaguzi bayo mahera canke abanyamitahe batahura ningoga amakosa aba yabaye bagaheza bagaca bashiraho ubwo nyene uwundi muderi w’ubutunzi.
Vyahinduwe mu Kirundi na E.N.
