Kuva nandika amakuru kuvy’amafaranga ngurukana bumenyi (amafaranga ahanahanwa hakoreshejwe ubuhinga bwa none) benshi babandanya bibaza ikibazo kiguma kibaraje ishinga: Amafaranga arungikwa mu buhinga bwa none ni iki? Afasha mu biki? Ari mu bwoko ubuhe? Mbega biremewe, ni vyiza ko yokoreshwa muri kino gihe agaciro kaguma kamanuka abagwizatunga nabo bakaguma biyomora? Twoshobora kumenya ukwo iryo faranga rizoba rimeze mu mpera za 2023? Ni muri izi nyandiko zikurikira tuza kugerageza kwishura, uko dushoboye, kuri ivyo bibazo kugira dutange umuco ukwiye kuri iryo faranga rihanahanwa mu buhinga bwa none.
Irya mbere rizwi na benshi riguma ata rindi ririciriyemwo ni Bitcoin. Ni ryo rizwi ko ari ifaranga ngurukana bumenyi kuko bose bararivuga igihe cose ayo mafaranga avuzwe. Naho ryamenyekanye hose, hari abantu badategera ko vyukuri Bitcoin rikoreshwa mu buhinga bwa none. Tugomba rero tubasigurire itandukaniro riri hagati y’amafaranga y’agaciro musanzwe muzi n’aya akoresha ubuhinga bwa none hamwe n’agaciro kayo. Mbega none ifaranga rikoreshwa mu buhinga bwa none ni iki ?
Amafaranga akoreshwa mu buhinga bwa none si ayandi, ni amafaranga y’abikorera utwabo. Bisigura ko atari amafaranga atangwa n’urwego rujejwe amafaranga dusanzwe tuzi nk’amabanki canke ayandi mashirahamwe yaba ayigenga canke aya reta. Ni co gituma bayafata nk’amafaranga y’amasubirizi.
Gusohora ubwo bwoko bw’ayo mafaranga bikorwa n’ubuhinga Blockchain kandi akagenzugwa n’igiharuro c’ibanga cashizweho n’ubwo buhinga kigatuma atawoshobora kwinjira mu vya bandi. Ntibishoboka ko ushobora kumenya ako kanyegezabanga kugira winjire mu gitabo c’ubutunzi kirimwo bose. Ubusuma canke ubufungakiwani buraba ayo mafaranga bushobora gushika ntibuba bugishobotse mu buryo bwisanzuye mugabo burashibora gushikira umuntu ku giti ciwe.
Naho kuva hagati ya 2017-2018 gukora amafaranga yo mu buhinga bwa none vyagiye bigabanuka, 2000 vy’ayo mafaranga yarashizweho inyuma y’ishigwaho rya Bitcoin mu 2009. Ayo mafaranga afise intumbero nyinshi zidasa.
Iyo ni iyindi nzira ifasha kugura ibisumwa nkenegwa vya misi yose nkuko bikogwa na Bitcoin. Ubundi buryo bwo guhanahana, kandi bwinshi bwarashizweho nk’akarorero Overstock canke Shopify bufasha kugura nk’ibiribwa, ibikoresho nkenegwa ku mubiri canke ibikoresho vy’amamashini nyabwonko….
Ikindi ku mitahe idakingiye. Amafaranga akoresha ubu buhinga bwa none yashizweho na ICO (Initial coins offering). Aya mafaranga agiye ahabona kugira akoreshwe mu mugambi wayo. Ni yo kuzana ibikoresho no gutunganya ubuzi. Afasha kurondera ibikoresho iyo bimaze gukorwa. None muri make agaciro k’iryo faranga kameze gute?
Agaciro karyo kagizwe canecane n’uburyo rizwi, ryamenyekanye kandi rigakoreshwa n’abantu benshi. Ifaranga rikoresha ubuhinga bwa none rigira agaciro iyo rifiswe n’abantu benshi kandi bakarikoresha mu kugura ivyangombwa canke gutunganya imirimo.
Afise uruhara rwa 10% mu mwaka mu bikorwa vyo kuriha ibikorwa bizana inyungu kandi biba vyinshi mu rudandazwa ruciye mu buhinga bwa none. Twovuga kandi ko ikibanza kiguma gitera imbere c’ayo mafaranga kitazoteba gufata iya mbere nk’uburyo bwo kuriha.
Ubwo buryo burahambaye ku gaciro kaya mafaranga. Nkuko agaciro kayo gafitaniye isano nayariko arakoreshwa mu bantu, iyo mihora ica igereranywa n’igitoro c’ubukomezi bwiryo faranga. Nico gituma iyo mihora ifitiye akamaro Gafam. Imihora Gafam ifise abanywanyi benshi bayikoresha rero irafise, iraronka akunguko mu kunga ubucuti n’ikoreshwa ry’ayo mafaranga akoreshwa mu buhinga bwa none mu kugura ivya nkenegwa hamwe no gutunganya imirimo. Nk’akarorero Facebook ifise imiliyaridi 2 z’abanywanyi. Nta banki nimwe ifise abanywanyi nk’abo. Kubera ifise ica kane c’abatuye isi, Facebook irafise ubushobozi bwo kwishiriraho ifaranga ryayo ryo mu buhinga bwa none ku banywanyi bayo.
Twavuze iryo faranga, akamaro karyo mu guhanahana hamwe n’agaciro karyo kugira ngo dutegere neza ubwo buhinga bwo kurihanahana. Mu butaha tuzokwishura ku bindi bibazo.
Vyahinduwe mu Kirundi na E.N.
