Inkuru ntoya yabaye!
Muri Reta Iharanira Intwaro Rusangi ya Congo, abantu ibihumbi amajana indwi nibo bafise amahirwe yo gukoresha ubuhinga ngurukanabumenyi. Ibice 84% vya banyagihugu bakaba bakoresha izo mbuga bifashishije telefone ngendanwa.
Mwomenya ko telephone ngendanwa yabonetse i Bukavu mu myaka yi 2000 inyuma y’isinywa ry’amasezerano ya Sun City vyafashije ibiganiro hagati yabakongomani muri Afirika yepfo.
Congo yasubiye hamwe inyuma y’imyaka 5 itwarwa n’abaroberi bari bahurikiye mu murwi witwa “Kwishira hamwe kwa ba Congomani mu ntwaro rusangi n’abo bari bafadikanije”. Izo ntureka zafashwe nk’intambara ya gatatu y’isi ya Afirika kabaye akaryo kigaburwa mu bice bibiri kuri repubirika iharanira intwaro rusangi ya Congo : Ubuseruko bwico gihugu bwakontororwa n’abarwanyi mugihe Uburengero bwakontororwa n’intwaro yo hagati.
Muri uko kwiyunga, amashirahamwe ya mbere akora amatelephone ngendanwa yaciye aja gukorera i Bukavu, na cane cane amashirahamwe ya firmes Vodacom na Aitel. Twobamenyesha ko imbere y’umwaka wa 2003 n’ishirahamwe Supercell ryahabwa umurongo n’igihugu c’u Rwanda vyafashije mu guhana hana amakuru mu bisagara vya Bukavu na Goma.
Iruhande ya telefone ngendanwa, Bukavu yari ifise aho baronderera amakuru (cyber café) zakoreshwa n’abantu bakora ubucuruzi ba ba Hinde (Datco). Kuza kw’amashirahamwe mpuzamakungu hamwe na Monusco, navyo nyene vyarafashije mu gukura mu buja igisagara ca Bukavu mubijanye no gukoresha ubuhinga ngurukanabumenyi.
Hamwe n’amatora yabaye ya mbere mu buryo bwo kwishira no kwizana (élections démocratiques) yo 2006, abandi banyamitahe muvyo gutumatumanako amakuru, nabo baciye bafata ibibanza, ahotwovuga cane cane nk’ishirahamwe Orange. Ubu igisagara ca Bukavu n’intara y’ubumanuko ya Kivu yuzuyemwo ama shirahamwe ya ma telephone ngendanwa nka Vodacom, Aitel et Orange.
Naho hari ayo mashirahamwe, abashobora gukoresha ubuhinga ngurukanabumenyi baracari kurugero ruto. Mu cigwa cakozwe mu mwaka wi 2012 nabahinga muvyo gutumatumanako amakuru, musi y’igice kimwe kw’ijana vy’abantu (-1%) nibo bashobora kuronka ingene bakoresha ubuhinga ngurukanabumenyi mu bantu barenga umu miliyoni wa bantu (1M) baharurwa mu gisagara ca Bukavu.
Kugira bashobore gukuraho izo ntambamyi, bamwe mu bakoresha ubuhinga ngurukanabumenyi, baciye batangura gukoresha imihora y’ishirahamwe MTN, iva mu gihugu c’Urwanda. abakongomani babonako imihora y’imbuga ngurukanabumenyi zikorera mu gihugu iwabo zizimvye kandi zidakora neza.
Kubijanye n’umuhora wo guhana hana uburyo bw’itumatumanako amakuru (fibre optique) muri Repubirika Iharanira Intwaro rusangi ya Congo.
Mu cegeranyo c’umurwi w’inama nshingamateka ku mugambi wo gukwiragiza imihora yo gutumatumanako amakuru, washikirijwe mu nama nshingamateka ku wa 18 Rusama 2015, ku buyobozi bukuru bujejwe ivyo gutanga amasoko ya Leta, ntanahamwe higeze haboneka iyo dosiye DORECO. Uyo mugambi kuva mu ntango wagiye urazimanga gushika urahera amazimayongo. Haribonekejemwo ihonyangwa ryawo mugufata minenerwe ibijanye no kwiga iyo dosiye y’umuhora wogutumatumanako amakuru (fibre optique).
Inyuma y’ingorane nyinshi, igenekerezo rya 8 Mukakaro 2013, Repubirika Iharanira Intwaro Rusangi ya Congo yarashoboye kuronka umuhora wo gutumatumanako amakuru (fibre optique). Haratunganijwe umunsi mukuru udasanzwe wo kwigina iryo koresha ry’ubuhinga ngurukanabumenyi n’Umukuru w’igihugu Joseph Kabira, mu cicaro cawo i Moanda muri Congo yo hepfo.
Aho muri Congo, mu gihe uwo mugambi w’umuhora wo gutumatumanako amakuru wariko uratera imbere haciye haduka ishirahamwe SPCT riwurwanya cane.
Abari bajejwe kwiga uyo mugambi, babona ko uyo muhora (fibre optique) udakwiye gushirwa mu minwe ya Leta. Ku mugabane wa Afirika aho urutsinga rw’uwo muhora w’ugutumatumanako amakuru (fibre optique) hose rwaciye, n’amashirahamwe yigenga ajejwe ivyo gutumatumanako amakuru yari ashinzwe ivyuwo muhora.
Muntumbero yo kurondera kubishira mu minwe ya leta, mu mwaka wa 2015 uwahoze ari Umushikiranganji adasanzwe wa Leta, yaratanguje umugambi wo gushinga ishirahamwe rinyuranye n’amategeko rifise intumbero yo gutwara no kuzunguruka mu mpisho uwo muhora w’ugutumatumanako amakuru (fibre optique) mu gushinga ishirahamwe yise ” Congo cable”. Kubera ubukerebutsi bwa babakozi bahoze bakora mwishirahamwe ryitwa OCPT, iryo shirahamwe ” Congo cable” ntiryigeze ribaho.
Hanyuma, kuva Repubirika Iharanira Intwaro Rusangi ya Congo ibonye uwo muhora, ku wa 8 Mukakaro 2013 uyo muhora w’ubuhinga ngurukanabumenyi nturigera utera imbere. Hategerezwa gusubirwamwo abajejwe ivyo bikorwa.
Ikibazo co gutumatumanako amakuru kiracarimwo intambamyi muri Repubirika iharanira intwaro rusangi ya Congo.
Repubirika iharanira intwaro rusangi ya Congo, n’igihugu ca kane gifise abantu benshi muri Afirika aho n’abanyagihugu bari muburere bwagutse nka bibiri vy’agatatu (2/3) vyo ku mugabane w’Uburayi y’uburaruko. Kigizwe cane cane n’ubutare bukoreshwa muguhingura ama telephone ngendanwa agezweho.
Mugabo rero, igitigiri kinini ca banyagihugu ba Congo, ntibaronka ivyankenerwa vyibanze nko kwivuza, amazi meza n’umuyagankuba. kubwabo, kugira ububasha ku mbuga ngurukanabumenyi, nkuko vyemejwe n’ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu ONU muri Mukakaro 2016, ko ari uburenganzira bwa kiremwa muntu bwafashwe nko kwinezereza.
Ikigo kijejwe guhererekanya no gutumatumanako (ARPTC) kigereranya ko 17% vy’abanyagihugu aribo bashobora gukoresha imbuga ngurukanabumenyi.
Patient Birindwa, umushakashatsi akiri muto kuri rusasuma y’akazi, agenda aho baronderera amakuru (cyber café) ya radio Maendeleo Bukavu kugira ashobore kuronka umuhora wo gutumatumanako amakuru.
Dufatiye ku myaka iheze, ubu twovuga ko vyateye imbere kubera uno munsi nimiburiburi 1000 ca mahera ya ma Congomani, urashobora kuronka iminota mikeya, imihora itaracika. Kenshi na kenshi urashobora kuba uriko urakoresha urubuga ngurukanabumenyi ariko buno nyene ugasanga vyacitse, kandi ivyo bigafata nkigihe c’umusi wose. Kandi vyukuri n’intambamyi. Ariko kandi akarusho n’uko hari ama telefone agezweho.
Ushobora kuba uri muhira, igihe usanzwe umenyereye kandi ukoresha ubuhinga ngurukanabumenyi. Ariko si abantu bose bashobora kuronka izo telephone zigezweho icibagiwe co n’imashine nyabwonko. Ikindi gihambaye twovuga nuko ibiciro birenze urugero. Mushobora kugura ama mega ya 1GB mu kanya gato bikaba bicitse. Muri ico gihe iyo 1GB ikaba iheze. Ariko, mugihe biba vyihutirwa, uri ahantu udashobora kwiyunguruza, ugashobora gutakaza amahirwe y’akazi.
Kuri izo ngorane zose, abayikoresha basaba abajejwe intwaro kugabanya ama kori n’ama tagisi atozwa ku mashirahamwe yo gutumatumanako amakuru kugira ngo nabo bashobore kugabanya igiciro c’ukuronka uko wokoresha ubuhinga ngurukanabumenyi.
Bernardin SEBAHIRE,
Umushakashatsi akaba n’Umuhinga mukumenyesha amakuru/Bukavu-RDC
Bihinduwe mu Kirundi na E.N.
