Muriyi minsi tugezemwo si imashini nyabwonko zacu, terefone gusa n’imashini nyabwonko ngendanwa gusa bishobora guhuza ubuhinga ngurukanabumenyi gusa. Ariko hari n’ibindi bikoresho bishobora gukoresha umuhora ngurukanabumenyi.
Muri runo rwandiko rwacu tuza kuvuga kubikoresho bikoresha umuhora ngurukanabumenyi canke IdO ivyo bita mu rurimi rw’icongereza Internet of Things ou IoT.
Insiguro
Kubw’ihuriro mpuzamakungu mu kumenyekanisha no mu guhanahana amakuru, umurongo ngurukanabumenyi w’ibintu n’«inyubakwa zo kwisi yose mu kumenyesha amakuru zituma habaho ibikorwa biteye imbere mu guhuza ibintu (Bigaragara canke Bitagaragara) kubera ubuhinga bugezweho bwo kumenyekanisha amakuru no kuganira bisanzweho canke biriko biratera imbere».
Iyo mikoranire ikaba ari ubushobozi (ubuhinga) igikoresho (imashini) canke umugwi w’ibikoresho vyose biba bifise kugira ngo bikorane n’ibindi bikoresho bihari canke bizoboneka, ubwo bushobozi bukaba ari kimwe mu biranga ibikoresho bikoresha umuhora ngurukanabumenyi.
Ibikoresho bikoresha umuhora ngurukanabumenyi ni ijambo rigena canke rivuga ibikoresho bikoresha umuhora ngurukanabumenyi canke bihujwe n’umuhora ngurukanabumenyi kandi bishobora guhanahana amakuru n’abantu. Uwo muhora ngurukanabumenyi ufasha guhuza amamiriyaridi y’ibikoresho n’amamiriyaridi y’ibiremwa bantu.
Amateka y’ibikoresho bikoresha umuhora ngurukanabumenyi.
Iciyumviro c’ibikoresho bikoresha umuhora ngurukanabumenyi si ica vuba, ariko ni umugwi (urutonde, urukwirikirane rw’iterambere rya vuba ry’ubuhinga butandukanye bwatumye ubwo buhinga bwo gukoresha ivyo ibikoresho bushikwako. Dushobora kuvuga ko inkuru y’ibikoresho bikoresha umuhora ngurukanabumenyi itangura mu 1982, igihe abanyeshure bane bo muri kaminuza ya Carnégie Mellon ya Puttsburg (muri Reta ya Pansilivani muri Reta zunze ubumwe za Amerika), mu gisata c’igisha ubumenyi bw’ibijanye n’imashini nyabwonko (informatique), bakorera ishirahamwe rikora ikinyobwa “Coca -Cola” imashini bahuje n’umuhora ngurukanabumenyiwa mbere wa kera “ARPANET” (umuvyeyi w’umuhora ngurukanabumenyi).Ubushobozi bw’iyo mashini y’ubwenge bwayishoboza kugenzura no guharura (yaharura amacupa ari kuri buri murongo kandi kuri buri mwanya).
Ariko rero ni mu 1999, aho ijamabo (“Internet des objets”) n’ukuvuga ibikoresho canke imashini bikoresha umuhora ngurukanabumenyi ryatorwa na Kevin Ashton.
None ibikoresho bikoresha umuhora ngurukanabumenyi bikora gute?
Ibikoresho bikoresha umuhora ngurukanabumenyi bigizwe n’imashini zisanzwe (z’ubuhinga bubayabaye bwa kera) nk’imashini zo kumesa, imirasire: ibikoresho vyo gushusha canke gukanyisha), amasaha n’ibindi bishobora guhuzwa (gukoresha) n’umuhora ngurukanabumenyi kandi bikanakorana hagati yavyo bikoresheje ibicu (Cloud : nuage informatique) n’uburyo bukoreshwa n’imashini nyabwonko bwo kubika amakuru ku mashini ziri kure yaho uwushaka kuyabika ari (ubu buryo bukoresha umuhora ngurukanabumenyi). (akarorero, uwushaka kubika amafoto akoreshaje terefone yiwe kugirango ayitaye azosubire ayabone).
Mubisanzwe, birakenewe kwongera kuri ivyo bikoresho bikoresha umuhora ngurukanabumenyi ibindi bikoresho vyumviriza, bipima, vyakira, ibintu hanyuma bigahindura ivyo vyakiriye canke vyabonye mu vyo bashaka gukoresha amakuru y’ivyo vyahinduye. Ivyo bikoresho biragenda bigatanga amakuru y’ivyo vyabonye hifashishijwe (hakoreshejwe) umuhora udakoresha urutsinga (udahuzwa ni vyo bikoresho hakoreshejwe urutsinga canke intsinga) ayo makuru akagenda akagera muri vya bikoresha bikoresha umuhora ngurukanabumenyi.
Nk’akarorero kazwi cane k’ivyo bikoresho, dushobora kuvuga ni nk’umuhora wa terefone ngendanwa (réseaux cellulaires) w’abahinga bakora mu vyo gutumatumanako utuma ibikoresho birimwo ikarata ituma terefone ikora (carte sim) kandi igatanga amakuru.
Ivyo bikoresho bikoresha umuhora ngurukanabumenyi vyifashisha ivyo bindi bikoresho(ivyakira kandi bigahindura vyabonye (vyakiriye) mu vyo twifuza kumenya canke kwumva) mu kwegeranya no gutanga amakuru ariko kandi biranakira amakuru kugira ngo biyakoreshe igikorwa vyagenewe.
Igikoresho cose gikoresha umuhora ngurukanabumenyi gifise ikarata ikiranga gikoresha igitandukanya n’ibindi vyose kandi iyo karata ituma kimenyekana, kenshi na kenshi ibiranga ico gikoresho bikagitandukanya n’ibindi. Adresse IP, n’inomero yihariye baha igikoresho cose gikoresha umuhora ngurukanabumenyi. Ivyo bikoresho bihanahana amakuru bikoresheje ibicu hanyuma bigahuzwa n’umuhora ngurukanabumenyi n’inzira zitumatumanako (umuhora ukoresha ubuhinga budakoresha urutsinga mu gutwara amakuru) mu guhuza ibikoresho bikoresha umuhora ngurukanabumenyi (Wi-Fi), guhuza terefone ngendanwa, igikoresho c’itumatumanako kidakoresha urutsinga mu guhanahana amakuru hagati yaco n’ibindi bikoresha ubwo buryo (Bluetooth: ibikoresho biyikoresha biba vyegeranye)
Ivyo bikoresho bishobora gutwarwa ahantu kure kenshi na kenshi hakoreshejwe imashini nyabwonko terefone zikoresha umuhora ngurukanabumenyi, imashini nyabwonko ngendanwa (bakoresha mu gukoza urutoke mu kiyo”écran”).
Uturorero tumwetumwe tw’ibikoresho bikoresha umuhora ngurukanabumenyi
- Ibizwi cane ni nk’imashini nyabwonko, terefone, utumashini dutoduto nyabwonko ngendanwa zikoreshwa mu gukoza urutoke mu kiyo (tablette).
- Ibikoresho vyo mu nzu bikoresha umuyankuba bishobora gutanga amajwi n’amashusho (anteni) bikayaha ibindi bikoresho nk’imboneshakure zifise ubuhinga bwo gukoresha umuhora ngurukanabumenyi, ibikoresho bisohora amajwi , inkono yo guteka icayi, uburyo bakoresha mu kwugara canke mu kwugurura, ibikoresho vyo gukanyisha bikoresha umuhora ngurukanabumenyi (Firigo, n’ibindi.
- Ibitwara abantu n’ibintu (imodoka, indege,….
- Ibikoresha bishobora gutwarwa ku mubiri nk’amasaha (akoresha umuhora ngurukanabumenyi), udukoresho bambara ku matwi dufise ubuhinga bwo kwakira no gusohora amajwi tutagira urutsinga (écouteurs bluetooth), ibirato.
- Ibikoresho bikotesha ubwo buhinga mu gucungera umutekano nk’ibitasha, ibikoresho bikoma induru iyo habaye ingorane, uburyo bwo gukoresha kamera zifata amashusho mu gucungera ahantu.
Ibikoresho bikoresha umuhora ngurukanabumenyi bifasha mu biki ?
Ibikoresha bikoresha ubuhinga bw’umuhora ngurukanabumenyi bifasha cane mu kugira imibereho mvyiza, tworohewe (mu gukora ibintu) mu buzima bwacu bwa misi yose nko mu gukoresha umwanya muto, gukoresha inguvu nkeya, kwongereza umwimbu, n’ibindi.
Ibikoresho bikoresha umuhora ngurukanabumenyi bikoreshwa ahantu hose :
- Kamera zikoresha ubuhinga ngurukanabumenyi zidufasha gucungera inzu zacu turi kure yazo.
- Ibitasha (serrures) bikoresha ubuhinga ngurukanabumenyi biramenya amasaha utahirako awawe.
- Ibikoresho vyo gukanyisha bikoresha ubwo buhinga biba bizi ivyo murya n’amasaha murirako n’ibibura mu vyo muza kurya.
- Ibikoresho vy’umuziki bishira amajwi hejuru bikoresha ubuhinga bw’umuhora ngurukanabumenyi (enceintes intelligents) biba bizi ibintu mukunda kugirako ubushakashatsi bwa buri musi canke ubwoko bw’umuziki mukunda.
- Ubuhinga bushirwa mu bikoresho bikoresha ubwo buhinga bw’umuhora ngurukanabumenyi (terefone) bukoresha mu vy’imyimenyerezo ngororamubiri (application de fitness), buba buzi neza imyimenyerezo ngororamubiri mukunda gukora, uko amagara yanyu yifashe, intumbero y’uko mushaka ko imubiri wanyu umera, incuro n’ibibanza mukoreramwo imyimenyerezo ngororamubiri, isaha muryamirako n’iyo muvyukirarako.
- Mu buvuzi, ibikoresho vyerekana canke bitanga amashusho hamwe n’ibikoresho bakoresha mu gucungera abarwayi (moniteurs) nk’ibipima ingene umutima utera…, bikoresha ubuhinga bw’umuhora ngurukanabumenyi biteza imbere ubuvuzi kandi bigatuma gukurikirana ibijanye n’amagara yacu bishoboka.
- Ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu kumenya imvugo (assistants vocaux) bishobora kwongera canke bikagabanura umuco.
Umutekano w’ibikoresho bikoresha ubuhinga bw’umuhora ngurukanabumenyi.
Igikoresho cose gishobora gukoresha umuhora ngurukanabumenyi gishobora kugirwako ibitero vy’abakoresha ubuhinga bw’umuhora ngurukanabumenyi mi. N’aho ivyo bikoresho biteza imbere imibereho, bishobora guteza ingorarane (iterabwoba).
Abahinga mu vyo gucungera umutekano w’ibikoresho bikoresha umuhora ngurukanabumenyi n’amakuru abikwa muri ivyo bikoresho, batewe impungenge n’umutekano w’ibikoresho bikoresha umuhora ngurukanabumenyi kubera abantu babagizi ba nabi (les pirates) basambura (bahungabanya) ubuhinga ivyo bikoresho bikoresha canke bakiba amakuru bibitse kubera ataburyo bukwiye bwo kubicungera ababikoresha babikoreye.
Ukudafata ingingo z’umutekano zikwiye w’ivyo bokoresho bishobora gutuma uwubikoresha agirwako ubusuma bw’amakuru bibitse canke bigatuma atakaza kugenzura igikoresho ciwe gikoresha umuhora ngurukanabumenyi ngo ntigiterwe.
Iyo igikoresho kimwe gikoresha umuhora ngurukanabumenyi kidafise ubuhinga bwo kugicungerera (kukirindira) umutekano kugira ngo amakuru kibitse ntiyibwe biba bikwiye kugira ngo abo basuma b’amakuru ivyo bikoresho bibika bakaba n’abahinga mu gusambura ubuhinga ivyo bikoresho bikoresha, bacifashisha mu kwinjira mu bikoresho vyose bihanahana amakuru n’ico kidakingiwe.
Impanuro n’uburyo bwo kwirinda mu kubikoresha
Hageze igihe co kugura no gukoresha ibikoresho bikoresha umuhora ngurukanabumenyi, ivy’agaciro gufata ingingo zimwezimwe zo kubikingira no kubirinda (kubicungera).
1)Gukingira umuhora ngurukanabumenyi wanyu wo mu rugo.
- Raba neza ko ibikoresho bifasha kwegeranya no gutwara amakuru gushika ku bo yagenewe (routeurs), n’inzira ayo makuru anyuramwo hamwe n’igikoresho c’ubuhinga gifasha guhanahana amakuru hagati y’imashini nyabwonko gikoreshwa n’umuhora wa terefone (modem) biri ku gihe.
- Raba neza ko umuhora wanyu wo mu rugo ukoresha inzira y’umutekano itwara amakuru idahuzwa n’urutsinga (WPA2 idakoresha uburyo bw’urutsinga mu guhuza ibikoresho vyawe bikoresha umuhora ngurukanabumenyi hamwe n’uwo muhora ngurukanabumenyi).Ubu buryo bukoresha igitigiri c’ibanga canke ijambo ry’ibanga utarifise ntushobora gufungura igikoresho cawe.
- Hindura izina ryahawe umuhora wawe ngurukanabumenyi wo mu nzu mu buryo bworoshe (busanzwe). Ikindi gukoresha izina rituma umenyekana uwo uri we canke rigatuma aho uri hamenyekana aho ari ho.
- Shira ku gihe (mettre à jour) ibikoresho vyawe bikoresha umuhora ngurukanabumenyi igihe cose hamwe n’uburyo (ubuhinga) bukoresha kugira ngo bishobore gukora ico vyagenewe.
- Kuzimya akuma gasohora amajwi (mikoro) na kamera y’ibikoresho bikoresha umuhora ngurukanabumenyi bidakunze kuba biriko birakoreshwa umwanya ku mwanya.
- Imbere y’uko mw’ikura canke mugurisha canke mutanga igikoresho canyu gikoresha umuhora ngurukanabumenyi, nimuhanagure amakuru yanyu aberekeye yose, cane cane ububiko bw’amakuru yanyu (compte) mwakoresha buri muri ico gikoresho gikoresha umuhora ngurukanabumenyi mutagikoresha.
E.N
