Turetse ko urwo rubuga rwahaririweko cane, rushikirizwa nk’ubuhinga bukomeye muri bino bihe, bushobora kuba akaryo keza ku burimyi bwo muri Afrika mu gihe ubwo buhinga buje nk’inyishu ku ntambamyi zihanze ico gisata. Tugaruke kandi ku ndangurakintu ya Block chain.
Urubuga Blockchain canke Chaîne de Blocs ni nk’igitabo nkoranyambaga kirimwo inkuru zitandukanye zihanahanwa n’abagize umuhora, bari irya nino (nta kigo gisuzuma ubwaco co nyene uwo muhora) kandi izo nkuru zikabikwa ku buryo bwizewe, busuzumwe kandi bwamaho.
Mu bisanzwe, ku bwa Yohani Paholo Delahaye, Umwigisha w’icirwa c’ubuhinga ngurukanabumenyi muri kaminuza ya Lille, twovyiyumvira nk’ikaye (igitabo) kinini uwariwe wese yahawe umurongo ku muhora, ashobora gusoma ata nkomanzi, aho uwariwe wese yandika mugabo ntashobore gufuta canke ngo yice ivyakozwe.
Muyandi majambo, ikintu cose gihanahanwe kiba kirimwo ivya nkenerwa bikenewe vyose kugira amakuru atanzwe abe yikwiye bigatuma urubuga rwose rwizerwa. Ibinyamakuru vyinshi biravuga ku bijanye n’urubuga “Block chain”. Ikinyamakuru rurangiranwa co mu bwongereza citwa “The Economist” cise urwo rubuga i mashini y’umwizero (Trust machine).
Mu gisata c’uburimyi, ubwo buhinga bw’urwo rubuga burugurura imiryango ku bikorwa vyinshi. Iciza ca mbere c’urwo rubuga ku bijanye n’imfungurwa ni ukumenya amamuko yavyo, ivyo bikaza bishimangira iterambere ryo gukorera mu muco mu rukurikirane rw’imfungurwa kuva kuwahaye amahera abarimyi gushika aho ivyimburwa bishikira umuguzi, urubuga Blockchain rurerekana urukurikirane rwavyo.
Baravuga ko hariho imiriyaridi 31 z’amatungo zitegerezwa kuranguka kw’isi yose, kubijanye n’ivyimburwa bica mu binywabi gushika mu mwaka wa 2024, ivyo bikazoshoboka kubera ugukurikirana neza ivyimburwa. Ntibikenewe gushishoza ngo amahera aya azoshirwa mu burimyi kugira umwimbu wisununure.
Ico nico abarimyi barindiriye. Cane cane muri Afrika Aho abarimyi bibagora kuronka ababasahiriza ku mwanya ku mwanya, benshi muribo baronka imfashanyo nke canke ntibanazironke. Ico kibazo c’ababasahiriza kubijanye n’uburyo camaho: Abarimyi bategerezwa kuronka abishingizi kugira baronke uburyo, abenshi abo bishingizi bagasaba n’agahembo kava muri ayo mahera asanzwe atako angana.
Amabanki agurana amahera abatayakeneye nk’uko babivuga. Bayaha abatunzi. Abarimyi bategerezwa kubanza kwerekana ingwati kugira baronke ingurane akenshi abarimyi nta mahera baba bafise, nta nico bafise kandi batanga nk’ingwati. Amabanki ntibabona neza ukuntu bokwishuza amahera yabo baguranye abarimyi, ivyo rero biza kunyura bimwe vyo guha ingurane canke ubundi bufasha mu buryo abarimyi. Rwa rubuga twita Blockchain hari ico rwofasha muri ico kibazo c’abarimyi?
Nta nkwirikizi ivyarivyo vyose. Nimba abarimyi b’iburaya bahabwa uburyo bw’amahera, ahandi cane cane muri Afrika barahebwe burundu. Umurimyi wo muri Afrika yimbura duke arya nutwo ashobora gufungurira umuryango. Urubuga Blockchain ntirurashobora kwagurira umurimyi w’umunyafrika ngo aronke amahirwe yo gufashwa mu bijanye n’uburyo.
Ariko agakoresho nkoranabuhanga kitwa Agri -Wellet gasa nakari mu ntango zo kubikora. Ako gakoresho Agri – Wallet ni nk’igitabo nkoranabuhanga. Ni igikoresho c’ubutunzi budashingiye hamwe, buhanwahanwa cakozwe ngo gifashe mu gisata c’uburimyi. Ico gitabo nkoranabuhanga gifasha abarimyi kuronka i konte ijanye n’akazi bakora, hanyuma bagaheza bakayikoresha mu kuziganya, mukugura ivyo bakeneye hamwe no mu gutsindira amahera ari naco gikomeye.
Kugurura i konte muri ka gakoresho nkoranabuhanga twita Agri – Wallet bikorwa kuri gusa ku barimyi. Barashobora kurihwa iyo bashoye ivyimburwa vyabo hakoreshejwe ubuhinga bwa M-pesa, ubwo buhinga buturuka muri Kenya bugakoresha terefone ngendanwa mukuriha uwu n’uriya. Canke bagahitamwo kurihwa hakoreshejwe udupapuro twanditseko ayo bakeneye bagaheza bakadukoresha nk’uko bari gukoresha ca gitabo nkoranabuhanga.
Dodore ni ubuhinga bwo kuriha hakoreshejwe udupapuro, umurimyi ashobora gukoresha mukugura ifumbire akeneye ku badandaza bayo. Utwo dupapuro umurimyi agaheza akadukoresha mukugura ifumbire azokoresha no mu gice c’irima gikurikira. Ico twokwongerako kubera izo ngurane baraheza bakazitanga neza ku barimyi.
Ni muri iyo ntumbero, ca gitabo nkoranabuhanga twise Agri-Wallet gifasha abarimyi kuziganya gifatiye kuri za ngurane baronswa. Ku mahera baziganije bagashobora kuronka ingurane z’igihe gito. Biciye muri banki yitwa Rabobank, abarimyi bararonka amahera batiriwe barazana imiganda y’impapuro. Muri iki gihe twogereranya ibice bishika 35% vy’abarimyi bakoresha ca gitabo nkoranabuhanga hanyuma bagashobora gutunganya ubutunzi bwabo.
Muguteza Imbere ka gakoresho nkoranabuhanga twita Agri-Wallet, igisata Dodore cararonkejwe imfashanyo nini ivuye muri banki no mu yandi mashirahamwe y ‘iterambere. Twovuga nka banki yitwa fondation Rabobank, fonds Master card ikigo c’iterambere camuka muri Neerland (organisation Néerlandaise de développement) ikigo mpuzamakungu kijejwe guteza imbere ifumbire y’ikizungu, centre International pour le développement des angrais (IFDC), Agriterra n’izindi.
Ku mugabane wa Afrika, ikibazo c’aya mahera yo ku buhinga bwa none bita Bitcoin nico kwitondera. Kirafatanye cane na rwa rubuga ngurukanabumenyi twita Blockchain, insiguro y’ubwo buhinga rero irashobora gutahurwa ukutariko. Nko muri Kenya nk’akarorero , insiguro ijanye n’ivyaranze ubwo buhinga bujanye n’ayo mahera Bitcoin canke nurwo rubuga Blockchain ntivyatahuwe. Biragoye, ntibishoboka gutahuza abaguzi ubwo buhinga. Uburyo bwakoreshejwe mu kubibumvisha bwabaye ubwo kworosha ivyo bintu uko bavyumva. Abanyamakenga barafise ukuntu badaha agaciro urwandiko ku buryo rwa rupapuro twavuga rwifashishwa mu kuronka ingurane y’amahera aba akeneye rwameze nk’urubahungabanya, ivyo vyaciye bituma dukorera kuvyiyumviro vyabo dufatiye kuvyo bo baha agaciro ari n’aho havuye ubuhinga buri guhanahana amahera bwabo twise M – pesa.
Ni muri ubwo buryo bwatumye abarimyi bashobora kuronka umurongo bakirako amadeni bakawukoresha canke ntibawukoreshe. Uko bigenda kwose ataco bayakoresheje ntaco bahomba. Ubwo buhinga burakora neza mu gihugu ca Kenya mu gisata c’uburimyi, eka mbere no mu gisata c’abanyatugenegene basa n’ababayeho kumwe n’abarimyi. Nico gituma Dodore ihamagarira abantu kumenyera ibi na biriya bivanye n’aho uri, ivyo bemera n’ivyo bamenyereye aho hantu. Nuguhindura imvugo, tukumviriza abadushorera (Clients) tukaborohereza mu buryo bwose bushoboka. Urubuga Blockchain rurashobora kubihindura vyose, hambavu y’ ubuhinga bw’ urwo rubuga, rutegerezwa guhindura imvugo, rukiyegereza iyindi mihora isanzwe ihari kugira rushobore gukorera neza Abanyafrika.
E.N
