Afrika yo musi ya Sahara yarashizwe ku rutonde rw’uburere bwaronse amahera akorera ku buhinga ngurukana bumenyi menshi (crypto – monnaies) kuva muri myandagaro 2021 bitumwe n’ukwiyongera kw’urugero rwo guhanahana ibintu, ako karere k’umugabane wa Afrika kaza imbere ya Amerika y’uburaruko nk’uko bishikirizwa n’uruganda ruzobereye muri mwenayo masoko bita Useful Tulips. ayo baronse muri Afrika yo munsi ya Sahara araruta ku bice 50% ayagiye mu turere twa Asia – pasifike akongera akaruta incuro 3 Ayo muri Amerika yepfo, akongera akaruta incuro zibiri (2) ayagiye mu bindi bihugu vyose bisigaye vyo kw’isi bikoranye.
Iryo soko ry’inkuru nyene, riravuga ko ibice 42% y’abanyagihugu bo muri Nigeria babajijwe n’urubuga bita statista baremeje yuko bakoresheje ayo mahera yo k’ubuhinga ngurukana bumenyi crypto-monnaies, muri Reta zunze ubumwe za Amerika vyemejwe n’abantu bangana bangana n’ibice 8% , Ubushinwa ibice 7% , mu bufaransa ibice 5%.
Iryo terambere rishimwa na ma Reta atari make yo muri uwo mugabane wa Afrika rijanye n’ubwo buhinga ntibwigeze bukurikiranwa neza.
Amahera akorera ku buhinga ngurukana bumenyi crypto-monnaies akoreshwa cane muri Afrika.
Ubwo buhinga bushasha bw’amahera ntawe bukumira bitumwe n’aho aba kuko bwisunga ubuhinga ngurukana bumenyi. Muri Afrika ikoreshwa ry’ayo mahera ryagiye ririyongera ku mwanya ku mwanya, abantu benshi bakayahurumbira mu bihugu vyinshi vyo muri Afrika.
Amahera akorera ku buhinga ngurukana bumenyi azwi cane, twovuga nkayitwa Bitcoin, Ethereum, Litecoin, XRP, Cardano, EOS, monero n’ayandi. Ariko ayo twita Bitcoin n’iyo yagumye ari hejuru y’ayandi kw’isoko muri Afrika no kw’isi yose.
Urugero crypto – monnaies igezeko muri Afrika
Ikigo kijejwe gukurikirana ivy’urubuga Blockchain Chainalysis mu cegeranyo caco ciswe The 2021 Chainalysis Global Crypto Adoption Index carashize ahabona urutonde rw’ibihugu 20 mu mwaka wa 2021 hafatiwe ukuntu abanyagihugu b’ivyo bihugu bahurumbiye ayo mahera. Ibihugu 5 vyo muri Afrika biri muri uwo murwi duhejeje kuvuga, bikurikirana uku: Kenya, Nigeria, Togo, Afrika yepfo na Ghana.
Mbega crypto – monnaies itemewe mu yandi mahera yo muri Afrika?
Umugabane wa Afrika uragaragarako cane guhurumbira ayo mahera yo k’ubuhinga ngurukana bumenyi. Afrika iri imbere cane mu guhurumbira, mu kuyahanahana no mu gukoresha igisata citwa Peer – to – Peer ( P2P).
Ca kigo citwa Chainalysis carerekanye, muri nyakanga 2021, iyongerekana rirenga 1200% y’amasaho ya crypto- monnaies muri Afrika gifatiye ku gaciro iryo faranga ryari rifise muri 2020. Umugabane wa Afrika uza ubugira 3 bafatiye ku muvuduko w’iryo faranga n’ubwo hakiri amakenga be n’amategeko agoye muri bimwe bimwe. Twobamenyesha ko ata gihugu na kimwe co muri Afrika cemera Crypto – monnaies mu gisata c’ayandi mahera azwi.
Amategeko arakenewe kugira ayo mahera yizerwe. Ibihugu vy’Afrika birahurizako ko Crypto-monnaie atari amahera azwi canke yemewe nk’ayandi bitumwe n’uko ayo mahera ata kigo canke i Banki iyatanga. Abategetsi bashikiriza ko Crypto – monnaie itabuze ibibazo bifatiye ku muco ayo mahera akoreramwo, n’ubwo ihanahanwa ry’ayo mahera ryandikwa muri vya bitabo rusangi bigaheza bikerekana ido nido ry’ayo mahera iyo yazananye, ubushobozi bwo kuterekana abayahanahanye burashobora gutuma haba igwirirana ry’ibikorwa bibi kubera uko kuyahanahana bidategerezwa kwerekana uwayarungitse n’uwuyatora, vyose biguma mwibanga. Ibihugu nka Maroc, zambiya, namibiya, algeria, libiya, Nigeria, Lesotho, Egiputa, Zimbabwe vyarihanije ibigo vya ma banki n’ivyo kuguranana vyemewe muri ivyo bihugu kworohereza ihanahanwa ry’ayo mahera akorana n’ubuhinga ngurukana bumenyi. Ibindi bihugu vyahisemwo kurabira kure ibijanye na Crypto – monnaies. Nk’akarorero nk’igihugu ca Kenya caragabishije abanyagihugu baco ko Crypto – monnaies ata soko mpuzamakungu rizwi ifise, ko uruhombo canke ugukora nabi vyokwibonekeza ataho umuntu yokwitwara.
N’ubwo ama banki makuru y’ibihugu (muri Afrika canke n’ahandi kw’isi ) atemera crypto-monnaies, hariho ibihugu bigavye kugira bigerageze ubwo buhinga. Akarorero ni nk’ibanki nkuru y’igihugu ca Nigeria aho yashize ahabona amahera yagaciro y’ayo akoresha ubwo buhinga, nya mahera yitwa crypto- devise , naira électrique canke e – naira.
Utunenge twa Crypto – monnaies muri Afrika
Utunenge tutokwirengagiza, twovuga ibura ry’umuhora ngurukana bumenyi wizewe kandi uzimbutse hamwe no kutamenya ubuhinga bwa none cane cane hagati mu gihugu.
Turazi ko guhanahana ayo mahera bisaba umuhora ngurukana bumenyi, uwo muhora nawo muri Afrika uracari ku rugero rwo hasi cane, bigaheza bikagora abawukoresha guhanahana ayo mahera akorana n’ubuhinga ngurukana bumenyi. N’ubwo bimeze uko, abatari bake bariko baramenyera guhanahana canke kurungikiranira hakoreshejwe uduharuro kabanga bitiriwe birabasaba umuhora ngurukana bumenyi nka kurya umuhora w’ibigendajuru utanga inkuru kuri gusa zijanye n’aya mahera Bitcoin yashizweho na Blockstream Leader mu ntumbero yo guteza imbere ico gisata n’ubuhinga bwa Blockchain.
Crypto-monnaies ntitwovuga ko yaje nk’inyishu ku bantu batari mu ma banki ahubwo ni uburyo bufasha abantu gusuzuma amatungo yabo. Uko kuntu ayo mahera ayo mahera utayakorakora mu minwe bisigura ko na Reta idashobora kuyatwara umuntu. Ikoreshwa ry’ubuhinga bita mobile money, ubuhinga bwo guhanahana amahera hakoreshejwe terefone ngendanwa, muri Afrika vyabaye nk’intango nziza ifasha abantu gutahura no gukoresha crypto- monnaies canke bigatuma baca bakunda cane ubwo bundi buhinga bwa mobile money bigatuma ubwo bundi buhinga bushasha babureka cane cane abakora urudandaza rwo ku muhora ngurukana bumenyi.
Ni Kubera iki none ibihugu vyo muri Afrika bibandanya gukoresha crypto – monnaies twarumvise nizo ngorane zihari?
Ihungabana ry’ubutunzi muri Afrika ni imvo imwe muri nyinshi ituma aba nyafrika bahitamwo gukoresha crypto-monnaies. Ivyo bigasigura ko abantu benshi baba bipfuza gukingira amatungo yabo kubera amafarangayabo yama ariko arata agaciro.
Amahera ahanahanywe mu gihugu kanaka ntaba arabwa n’uguta agaciro k’ifaranga ry’ico gihugu, ku ruhande rumwe bica biza bisigura igituma benshi baca bahitamwo kugura ibidandazwa vyabo bayakoresheje kuko yo itaba irabwa n’ivyo vyo guta agaciro, ku rundi ruhande baba bashaka kurungika canke kuronka amahera avuye hanze y’igihugu bitabazimvye kandi ku buryo bukingiwe. Ikindi, guhanahana amahera crypto – monnaies biranyaruka kandi birazimbutse kubera ata bindi bigo bibigenzura.
Ubuhinga bwo guhanahana amahera hakoreshejwe terefone ngendanwa (mobile money) bukoreshwa cane muri Afrika mu gisata c’ubudandaji ntibukwiragiye hose, kandi burihisha amahera menshi ababukoresha, crypto-money yoyo ikwiragiye hose kandi irazimbutse.
Urugero ruto rwabahurumbira ama banki bitumwe n’umuzo w’amahera akoresha ubuhinga ngurukana bumenyi be no kutizera ibigo bitari bike vya Reta , vyatumye abantu benshi bahurumbira crypto – monnaies cane.
Crypto-monnaies ikoresha ubuhinga bw’urubuga Blockchain, bufasha mugushingura inyandiko z’akamaro z’igihugu ku buryo bihanwahanwa na benshi bisigura ko kubihanahana bitabujijwe mu gihugu kanaka. N’aho igihugu kanaka cokwanka ikoreshwa rya crypto-monnaies ntibisigura ko kuyahanahana ku rubuga ngurukana bumenyi biba bihagaze.
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