Intangamarara
Mu nkuru z’ubuheruka twaravuze icarico Blockchain n’ivyo abantu bayikoresha mu bisata bitandukanye. Muri iyi nkuru tuja kuvuga icarico ubwo buhinga n’ubwo tutaja kwinjira mw’ido nido cane ry’ubuhinga, turaja kwerekana intererano y’ubwo buhinga mu gutorera inyishu indyane z’inyuma y’amatora cane cane muri Afrika aho wama usanga ibivuye mu matora vyama vyiyamirizwa bivuye ku kutizera uburyo atunganywamwo bwa kera canke utunenge tuba twibonekeje muriyo canke ivyo biketse ko bitagenze neza.
Igisata c’amatora carahungabanye aho haziye ubuhinga bwo gutumatumanako amakuru ( TIC). Ubwo buhinga bwarinjiye mu gisata c’amatora butuma habaho ivyo gutorera ku muhora ngurukana bumenyi. Itora ryo ku buhinga ngurukanabumenyi ni uburyo bwo gutora ata kintu witwaje, ivyo guharura bikabera ku muhora ngurukana bumenyi vyikoze.
Tugereranije amatora akozwe mu buryo bwa kera, hakoreshejwe impapuro be n’amatora aba hakoreshejwe ubuhinga ngurukana bumenyi dusanga amatora aba hakoreshejwe ubwo buhinga bwa none arimwo uburusho bwinshi; Twovuga nk’igabanuka ry’amakosa afatiye kwandika mu bitabo, gutanga ivyavuye mu matora, ugutorera mw’ibanga ntangere hamwe n’igabanuka ry’uburyo bukoreshwa.
Nk’ubuhinga bwo gushingura ibintu, gutanga amakuru mu muco, akingiwe, agashikira abirya n’ino ata gisata citwa ko kibijejwe, kibigenzura. Blockchain yavutse igihe c’umuzo w’amahera yo ku buhinga ngurukana bumenyi bita Bitcoin kugira itangwa ry’ayo mahera ku muhora ngurukana bumenyi ribe mu buryo bukingiwe neza bidakozwe nama banki.
Blockchain n’igisata, ni ubuhinga bukoreshwa mu gutanga amakuru mu muco no mu buryo bukingiwe. Ubu rero ubwo buhinga burashobora no gukoreshwa mu bindi bisata nko mu bijanye n’amatora.
Turabe uko ubwo buhinga bumeze muvy’ Amatora.
Ibijanye n’amatora n’ibintu biraje ishinga abantu benshi bo kw’isi na cane cane muri Afrika. N’ubwo ibihugu vyinshi vyitura ko biri mu ntwaro rusangi, ibitari bike muri vyo amatora akwirikirwa n’intambara, ugushamirana , ….. amatora usanga yaranzwe n’utunenge tutari duke arivyo bituma haduka imishamirano inyuma y’amatora.
Amatora ni ikintu kigoye cane gutunganya iyo atunganijwe mu buhinga budateye imbere: gushira abantu ku ntonde, kubakira aho batorera mu bwinshi bwabo, kwigisha abayacungera be no guharura amajwi. Turazi ko iyo amatora yagenze neza, haba hariho ibikorwa vyibanze biba vyakozwe neza, ubwa mbere, aha twovuga nk’ibikorwa vyo kwiyamamaza, imirwi yose iba yakwirikiranye ku mazu y’itora uko yagenze bakongera bakayaharura bose ariho bari.
Ikindi naco, abatoye baremera ivyavuye mu matora mu gihe bazi ko amategeko ajanye n’amatora yakurikijwe neza. Bitumwe n’uko amatora atunganirijwe mu buhinga bwa kera agoye akongera agatwara n’uburyo bwinshi, arimwo amakosa menshi hamwe n’imitego, kwiba amatora hahinduwe amakarata y’abatoye hagashirwamwo ayandi hamwe n’utundi tunenge tutari duke tuyibonekezamwo, urubuga Blockchain rwaje nk’inyishu idasanzwe kuri utwo tunenge twose twibonekeza mu gisata c’amatora, hagaheza hakaba amatora yizewe kandi akingiwe.
Uwo niwo mugambi wamaze gutangura mu bihugu bitari bike vyafashe ingingo yo gukoresha urwo rubuga mu gutunganya amatora neza. Ubwo buhinga bushasha burorosha ibikorwa muri ico gisata c’amatora akongera akaba mu buryo bukingiwe : ntawushobora guhindura ivyavuyemwo canke ngo avyigane ukutari ko.
Amatora akozwe mu muco ni inkingi nyamukuru itanga umwizero kubaba batoye hamwe n’icubahiro ku batowe. Urubuga Blockchain ruratuma amatora yizerwa n’ubwo mu bihugu bimwe bimwe batabibona uko.
Urubuga Blockchain rwofasha iki none?
Urubuga Blockchain ni igisata kirimwo amakuru yo muri kahise yahanahanywe n’abakoresha urwo rubuga kuva rukibaho. Ayo makuru arakingiwe kandi arashobora guhanahanwa n’abakoresha urwo rubuga batandukanye, atawubaciriyemwo canke ngo bice mu kindi gisata, bituma uwariwe wese akurikirana uko amakuru yagiye arahanahanwa.
Intumbero yo gukoresha ubuhinga bwa Blockchain mu gisata c’amatora, ni ugucungera amatora umwanya wose, gutuma haba amatora yigenga, adakumira kandi mu muco kugira yizerwe na bose. Ivyo birashoboka kuko Blockchain ni urubuga rukwiragiye hose, nta muntu arugaba ngo arutamike ibitarivyo, nta murwi w’itora uruhinduza ivyo rukora.
Mu matora asanzwe, ikarata y’itora imaze gukorokera mu gasandugu k’itora ntusubira kumenya ico ija kuba, ariko iyo hakoreshejwe ubwo buhinga bukwiragijwe hose bituma ikarata y’itora yawe uyikurikirana ukongera ugaharura amajwi ku mwanya ku mwanya.
Kimwe mu biranga Urubuga Blockchain ni ukudashobora guhindura amakuru yamaze kubikwamwo. Uwugerageje wese kugira ico ahinduye ku bijanye n’amakuru aba yabitswe kuri urwo rubuga ajanye n’amatora bica bimenyekana kuko ibisata vyose bigize urwo rubuga birahanahana amakuru kandi birafatanye. Ikindi twokwongerako ibijanye n’amakosa atumwe n’ukwihenda muvyo guharura amajwi, hakoreshejwe urwo rubuga amakosa nkayo ntaba akibaye.
Ubwo buhinga burakoreshwa kugira bufashe ababa bitoje n’abatoye gukurikirana amatora y’abo mw’ituze, ibiriko birava mu matora ku mwanya ku mwanya, ata busuma bubayemwo kandi atabanse n’ivyayavuyemwo kuko bose baba bayakurikiranye ku mugaragaro kandi mu mahoro.
Uburyo bwo gutora hakoreshejwe Urubuga Blockchain bikora co kimwe na ya mahera yo ku buhinga ngurukana bumenyi twita Bitcoin, kiretse ko hamwe harihishwa amahera ahandi hari ivyavuye mu matora. Amatora yose arahinyuzwa ko ata mahinyu arimwo, akemezwa hanyuma akabikwa n’ababa bayitavye bose ndetse n’abarorerezi. Nka kurya kwa ya mahera ya Bitcoin, bisaba ko ushira agakoresho kabigenewe muri mudasobwa yawe ugaca ukwirikirana ibijanye na nya matora vyose ku mwanya uwariwo wose.
Bitumwe n’urubuga Blockchain, igitabo c’amatora gikorerwa mu muco kuko abantu bose baba bashize ka gakoresho muri mudasobwa zabo barashobora gukwirikirana ku mwanya ku mwanya ingene abatora biyandikishije, akabona ko atawoba yariyandikishije atabirekurirwa n’amategeko.
Ikijanye n’ukugene amatora aba akingiwe ni ikintu gikomeye cane kuri ubwo buhinga. Ugukorana neza kw’ibisata vya Blockchain ibiri kuri urwo rubuga biba bikingiwe cane ku buryo atawushobora kuvyonona akoresheje ubuhinga ngurukana bumenyi kubera biba biri henshi. Kugira ushobore kubihindura vyosaba ko ubihindura mu mashini yose birimwo navyo ntivyoroshe. Ni nkuko uwo wese muhira iwe yoba afise ivyavuye mu matora, kugira ico uhinduye hamwe vyosaba guca kuri umwumwe mubabifise ukabihindura hose.
Bose barashobora kubona uko biriko biragenda ariko abafise uburenganzira bwo kugira ico bongeyeko ni umurwi w’abantu baba bagenywe. Ivyo rero bigaragaza umuco ntangere biheza bigakorerwamwo. Biraheza bigashoboka kwirinda ivyo vyose vyoza bitoba amatora canke bitanga ibiharuro bitarivyo n’ubwo n’abo bari muri uwo murwi uba wizewe atawobashirako (guherako) amakenga nko mu gihe bohengama.
Gushika ku biro vy’itora ntibiba bikiri ikibazo kuko umuntu ashobora gutorera ahageze (muhira, ku kazi, …..) vyoroshe cane, ivyo vyose bituma amatora yitabwa na benshi bashoboka.
Mu bijanye no gutora hakoreshejwe Urubuga Blockchain umunyagihugu wese aba afise agakarata kamugenza gakozwe ku buhinga ngurukana bumenyi kataboneka kagatuma amazina yiwe atamenyekana. Mu kubuza ko atawutora kenshi, urubuga Blockchain rurafise uburyo rukoresha kuburyo atawushobora gutora yisubiriza, ivyo vyose bigaheza bigatuma amatora akorerwa mu muco.
Aho ubuhinga bw’urubuga Blockchain bugarukira mu bijanye n’amatora.
Ubwo buhinga ntibwaje guheza burundu ingorane nyamukuru zigaragaza mu matora akozwe mu buryo busanzwe, nk’ingorane zijanye no gutanga amahera yo kwiyamamaza hakoreshejwe nkunzi canke mu kwivanga muvy’amatora.
Ikindi kandi, gutora ukoresheje urubuga Blockchain bisaba ko uba ufise umuhora ngurukana bumenyi, ivyo bica bituma bigora abatari bake cane cane mu bihugu bikenye.
Ikindi Kandi, urubuga Blockchain rukoresha ubuhinga bugaye, butoroshe gutahura ningoga. Gica kiba ikibazo gutegura amatora hakoreshejwe ubuhinga abantu badatahura.
Ikibazo kijanye no guteza imbere ubuhinga bwa Blockchain muri Afrika gifitaniye isano n’ivyiyumviro vy’abarongozi bo kuri uwo mugabane. Harakenewe ugushaka kwa nyakuri kw’abafata ingingo mu vya politike.
Vyahinduwe mu Kirundi na EN
