Muri bino bihe vy’ikoreshwa ry’ubuhinga ngurukana bumenyi, amakuru nkenerwa yo mu bisata bitandukanye aguma yongerekana ku muvuduko munini. Ivyo gutumatumanako amakuru, ama banki, amazu y’ubwishingizi, amahinguriro aregeranya amakuru avuye ku mihora rusangi.
Uko ugiye ku muhora rusangi urasigaho amakuru bisigura ko ayo makuru aca aba menshi kubera igitigiri kinini c’abagiye ku muhora. Kuri ubwo rero ama terefone agezweho, imashini nyabwonko canke ibindi bikoresho vyose bishobora kuja ku muhora ngurukana bumenyi, ivyo bikoresho vyose biregeranya amakuru menshi cane kugira asorongorwe, yihwezwe n’ubwenge bw’umuntu canke ubundi buhinga bundi bwo gutoranura amakuru.
Ukubika be no gukoresha uwo mutekero w’amakuru vyatumye havuka igikoresho gishasha arico twavuze Big Data. Big Data rero bisigura umurwi munini w’amakuru urangwa n’ubudasa bwayo, umuvuduko ayo makuru yajeko canke atangwako na vya bikoresho vyacu bikorana n’umuhora ngurukana bumenyi.
Umutekero w’amakuru wahavuye uba inkingi yo kwiteza imbere muvy’ubutunzi, cane cane mu bikorwa bikorerwa ku buhinga ngurukana bumenyi. Big Data yaciye iba isoko ryo kuronka akazi cane cane mu bisata bikorana n’ubuhinga bwa none twovuga nk’ivyo gukwirikirana urudandazwa, ibijanye n’ubushakashatsi, ubwubatsi, gusuzuma ibijanye n’ubuzi hamwe no gutanga amakuru.
Muri Reta zunze ubumwe za Amerika be no mu Burayi, haraheze imyaka itari mike amashirahamwe yigenga canke ibisata vya Reta atanguje ubwo buhinga bwa Big Data ariko umugabane wa Afrika uracakwega amaguru mu gukoresha ubwo buhinga kiretse ibihugu bimwe bimwe nka Afrika yepfo, Nigeria, Kenya, maroke, na Egiputa.
Ariko n’ubwo biri uko, Afrika haraheze imyaka myinshi ikoresha ubuhinga bumwe mu buhinga bwa none bukomeye kw’isi. Iterambere mu bijanye no gutumatumanako amakuru hakoreshejwe umuhora wa terefone n’isoko ry’amakuru menshi .
None ni gute Afrika yoshobora gukoresha no guteza imbere umutekero w’amakuru ufise?
Imitekero y’amakuru irashobora gukoreshwa mu gutorera inyishu ibibazo bitari bike mu bisata bitandukanye muri Afrika.
Ku mugabane wa Afrika, ibisa nk’icindero, amagara y’abantu, uburimyi, ubutunzi be no gutwara abantu n’ibintu ni ibisata bikomeye aho ubwo buhinga bwa Big Data bwogira ikimazi gikomeye cane mu bikorerwayo.
Muri munyonyo umwaka wa 2013, haruguruwe mu gisagara ca cape Town muri Afrika yepfo, ikigo bise Big Data Afrika congress. Ico kigo cabaye ica mbere muri Afrika kijejwe kumenyekanisha ubuhinga bwa Big Data kiraheza kiba kirumara mu bikorera utwabo be no mw’iterambere.
Muri make, ubwo buhinga bwa Big Data butuma hiyumvirwa intunganyo nshasha be no guhindura ingendo mu kuvuga ibishobora gushika, mu kwiteza imbere, mu gukora ndetse be no kwiyumvira bishasha ufatiye ku makuru uba waronse n’iyo yazananye.
Ubuhinga bwa Big Data burakeneye uburyo be n’ubuhinga bushasha ku bijanye no gusorongora iyo mitekero y’amakuru nkenerwa mu ntumbero yuko abantu babutahura cane ngo bubafashe gufata ingingo zibereye mu mashirahamwe atandukanye be no mu bisata vya Reta.
Ubuhinga bwa Big Data ni nk’umuzi canke inkingi y’ubundi buhinga butandukanye buriko burateza imbere isi muri ino misi, twovuga nk’ubuhinga bwitwa Cloud computing, intelligence artificielle , machine learning, Blockchain.
Muri rusangi iyo tuvuze umutekero w’amakuru tuba dushatse kuvuga ibisata bubiri:
Ugutunganya amakuru biraba ibisata vyose bigezweho bihanahanirwako amakuru, ubuhinga bwo kuronka canke gutanga amakuru hagati y’ibisata bitandukanye kugira bishobore kwegeranya amakuru aja kuja mu mwihwezo.
Ukwihweza be no gukoresha y’amakuru biraba umurwi w’ibikorwa vy’ubwo buhinga be n’inyishu zavuye mu mwihwezo wa ya makuru.
Intambwe zitandukanye zo kwihweza amakuru gushika aho hafatwa ingingo ziri mu buryo bwo kuvuga ibishobora gushika, gutanga inyishu kuri vyo.
Dutange nk’uturorero:
Umwihwezo w’ibishobora kuba ufashe nk’akarorero ubuyobozi bw’ubudandaji kugabanura cane igitigiri c’abakiriya batagishorera ishirahamwe kugira ngo ishirahamwe rigume mw’ihiganwa n’ayandi. Abajejwe imihora ya terefone barakora uwo mwihwezo kugira bamenye nk’igituma abanywanyi babo bariko baja mu yindi mihora. Nico kimwe n’amazu y’ubwishingizi arashobora gukoresha uwo mwihwezo w’ibishobora kuba ufatiye mu gukoresha amakuru bafise kugira batunganirize neza ababitura bamenye na cane cane abaza babasaba ibintu bidahuye n’amategeko.
Mu gisata co gukinga impanuka n’ibiza, ubuhinga bwa Big Data burashobora gukoreshwa be na bwa buhinga bw’ubwenge nyabwonko kugira hakorwe intunganyo nshasha ku bijanye n’ivyo biza, hace hamenyekana uburere buri mu bubangamiwe cane, ubu zoshikirwa n’ivyo biza, n’ibindi.
Twifashije umwihwezo w’icokorwa, ibibazo bijanye no gutunganya abakozi birashobora gutorerwa umuti, gutunganya ivya nkenerwa ari naco gikorwa gikomeye cane.
Mu gisata c’amagara y’abantu nk’akarorero, ukwegeranya amakuru, kuyabika be no kugira umwihwezo ku makuru yose ajanye n’abarwayi birashobora gutuma umurwayi bamwitwararika kare, bamenya ukuntu bamwitwararika, bamenya ibimenyetso vy’ingwara yiwe ivyo bigatuma umurwayi akira n’ingoga ndetse n’ibikorwa vyo muri ico gisata bikagenda neza.
Kumenya ahatuye imirwi y’abantu benshi bituma umenya aho ushira ivya nkenerwa imitahe ikenewe kwubaka nk’akarorero nk’amazu atanga ibitoro , amabarabara canke ibitaro.
Abarongozi b’imihora y’ama terefone ngendanwa barakoresha amakuru ava kuri ya mihora yabo, bakamenya ukuntu abantu biyunguruza, n’ibindi…..
Mu gisata c’uburimyi, ubuhinga bwa Big Data burafasha umurimyi gufata ingingo zibereye be no mu kurwiza umwimbu afatiye ku makuru y’ibirere, ukumenya ubwoko bw’isi arimako. Ivyo bituma arima akoresheje ubwenge, arima akwirikije amakuru y’ibirere yizewe.
Tukiri mu gisata c’uburimyi, ubuhinga Big data burashobora gufasha abafasha ico gisata kuronka amakuru yo kandi yizewe kugira batunganye ibijanye n’uburyo bukenewe, ibikoresho bazokenera vyose, bakamenya ivyo baha abarimyi uko bungana. Ayo makuru arashobora gufasha ama Reta gukora ibintu twita nk’akarorero nk’imbere y’uko haba umwuzurira, ushobora kumenya ibishobora kwononekara, ugategekanya amahera yokenerwa mugusubiza ibintu mu buryo vyononywe nico kiza .
Intambamyi
Ikibabaje muri Afrika, turamaze kubona ko ubwo buhinga bwa Big Data bukiri ku rugero ruto cane bitumwe n’intambamyi nyamukuru zikwirikira:
Ukubura amahugurwa ku bakozi bo muri Afrika kugira bamenye ingene baronka uwo mutekero w’amakuru
Kubura ibikoresho vyabigenewe
Kutaronka umuhora ngurukana bumenyi mu bice vyinshi vyo kuri uwo mugabane.
Kuri ivyo hiyongerako ko mu bihugu vyinshi vyo muri Afrika bitagira amategeko akingira amakuru.
Kugira izo ntambamyi zihere, n’uko hotegurwa ihugurwa ry’abakozi ku bijanye n’ubwo buhinga, bakongera bakanavyigisha nk’ivyirwa vy’ubushakashatsi n’ubuhinga kuva mu mashure y’intango kuko kugira ubwo buhinga buje mu ngiro birasaba ubushobozi bukomeye nka kurya ko kwiga ibiharuro ukabimenya canke kumenya gukoresha ubuhinga bwa za mashini nyabwonko bisaba umwanya be n’ubushobozi mu gutahura.
Harakenewe Kandi ibikoresho, inyubakwa zabigenewe zibitswemwo ayo makuru kuko kugira umwihwezo w’iyo mitekero y’amakuru bisaba ubushobozi n’ibiharuro bidasanzwe. Ivyo bigo rero vyobikwamwo ayo makuru biri mu bindi bihugu atari ivyo ku mugabane wa Afrika (nko muri Reta zunze ubumwe za Amerika, i Burayi no muri Aziya), muri Afrika hari bike. Iryo kena ry’ibi bigo buratuma haba ihungabana canke ugucumbagira mu bijanye n’ukwikukira kwa Afrika mu bijanye n’ubuhinga bwa none.
Vyahinduwe mu Kirundi na E.N
