Ubushakashatsi muvy’ubuhinga be n’amahinguriro y’ubudandaji vyamye bisenyera k’umugozi umwe. Kimwe cunganira ikindi, bikagaragara ko ivyo bisata 2 vyunganiranira. Kaminuza y’i Montreal, iri kw’isonga mu bushakashatsi ku bijanye n’ubwenge bw’imashini nyabwonko, yarashigikiwe cane na Reta ya Canada kuri urwo ruhara rwayo muri ubwo bushakashatsi mu kuyironsa imiriyoni ijana (100.000.000) z’amadorari. Iyindi ntererano iruta iyo gatoya yavuye mubo bafashanya b’abanyamahinguriro.
Ubushakashatsi ku bijanye n’ubwenge bw’imashini nyabwonko muri kaminuza y’i Montréal bwashinzwe ninararibonye muri ico gisata yitwa Joshua Bengio yavukiye mu Bufaransa ariko abavyeyi biwe bamuka muri Maroke. Ni Umwigisha karuhariwe muri kaminuza y’i Montréal mu gisata c’ubuhinga ngurukana bumenyi akaba n’umuhinga karuhariwe muri ico gisata be no muvyirwa vyimbitse. Izo nyigisho zimbitse ni ubuhinga bwo kwiga bufatiye ku muhora w’uturemangingo.
Joshua Bengio ni inararibonye muri ico gisata, ari mu bashakashatsi 3 bakoze ibishimwa muri ico gisata c’ubwenge bw’imashini nyabwonko. Abo bandi 2 basigaye ni uwitwa Yann Lecun, Umwigisha muri kaminuza y’i New York akongera akaba n’umuhanuzwa jambo muvy’ubuhinga ku muhora wa Facebook, uwundi ni Geoffrey Hinton, umwigisha wo muri kaminuza y’i Toronto akongera akaba n’umushakashatsi ku rubuga Google. Ubushakashatsi be n’ubuhinga bwabo bwarateje imbere amahinguriro y’ubudandaji.
Nk’uko tubikesha ikinyamakuru ca Laurent Charlin gica ku muhora CAIRN, ayo mafaranga yose yegeranijwe nico gisata co kwegeranya ibiharuro co muri kaminuza ya Montreal azofasha mukugira urunani hagati ya kaminuza n’amahinguriro yo muri ico gisagara ca Montreal. Ubushakashatsi muvy’ubwenge bw’imashini nyabwonko butumbereye ibikorwa vy’amahinguriro. Nk’uko bivurwa n’abahinga batari bake muri ico gisata, ibikorwa vyinshi vyo mu mahinguriro biratanguye kwinjira bukebuke muri ubwo buhinga. Bisigura ko ubushakashatsi be n’amashirahamwe y’ubudandaji vyaramaze gufatana haba mu bikorwa vyiza canke muri bibi.
Inkwirikizi z’ubwo buhinga bw’ubwenge bw’imashini nyabwonko ku mahinguriro ni nyinshi cane. Amashirahamwe y’ubudandaji manini manini atari make aguma azana ubuhinga bushasha. Umuyobozi w’urubuga Google Sundar Pichai yaramaze kuvuga ko ashaka gukoresha ubwo buhinga mu bisata nka vyose vy’urwo rubuga. Mu gufashanya n’amashirahamwe y’ubudandaji mashasha canke muguha akazi abakozi bashasha, amashirahamwe amaze gutera imbere nka Google, Facebook, Amazone, Microsoft, Tweet na Nuance yarashizeho igisata c’ubushakashatsi hamwe n’indinganizo ijanye n’ubuhinga bw’ubwenge bw’imashini nyabwonko. Abantu bose boroherejwe n’ibikorwa vy’ayo mashirahamwe baranaronka kandi ubufasha bw’ubwo buhinga bushasha busanzwe bukoreshwa n’ayo mashirahamwe.
Twomenya ko ubushakashatsi buguma butera imbere ku muvuduko udasanzwe. Ububangutsi mugusabikanya ubuhinga bushasha buriko burakoreshwa mu mahinguriro biri ku murindi munini navyo nyene. Nk’akarorero, imyaka ibiri yari ikwiye kugira ama terefone mashasha arimwo indinganizo muvy’ubumenyi zibe zakwiragiye.
Indinganizo z’ubuhinga z’ubwenge bw’imashini nyabwonko ntizigenewe amahinguriro manini manini gusa, n’amahinguriro mato mato atari make arakoresha ubwo buhinga. Ayatari make muri yo, ibikorwa vyayo birakoresha ubuhinga bw’ubwenge bw’imashini nyabwonko. Haraheze imyaka mike ubwo buhinga bwakoreshwa gake kabaho, babukoresha nk’iyo bashatse ko igikorwa cari kihasanzwe gikora neza kurusha.
Ukwegeranya n’ukubika amakuru biri mu bikorwa vya misi yose vya buri hinguriro uko ringana kwose, mu bisata risanzwe rikoreramwo ivyari vyo vyose. Ubwo buhinga bw’ubwenge bw’imashini nyabwonko bwarateye imbere cane muri iyi misi, ku buryo umuntu ashobora gutunganya ibiharuro nkenerwa akabikuramwo amakuru akomeye. Hari uburyo bushasha bukoreshwa mugutunganya indinganizo ya kera mu buryo bugezweho.
Ubuhinga bw’ubwenge bw’imashini nyabwonko burafasha mugufata ingingo mu mwanya muto, umuntu akiga ibintu mu mwanya muto bivanye n’intumbero afise. Mu nyuma umuntu bikamworohera gufata ingingo ibereye. Nk’akarorero, dufatiye nko ku bintu abakiriya bakunda , uraheza ukamenya ivyo urangura uko bingana ku gisumwa icarico cose ndetse ukamenya n’ivyo umuguzi kanaka aja gukenera. Hariho n’izindi ndinganizo zituma vyoroha mukumenya ibikenewe imbere y’uko ubikora canke zituma ufata ingingo ibereye. Amatereni canke imodoka zitagira abadereva ni akarorero keza kubwo buhinga. Ubwo buhinga bw’ibikorwa vyikora vyaciye vyigishwa bukwi na bukwi mu ma kaminuza.
Ubushakashatsi burabandanya ku murindi udasanzwe. Nk’uko kahise ariko gategura kazoza , ibikorwa vyinshi mu mahinguriro bizokwiserura.
Vyahinduwe mu Kirundi na E.N.
