Bitcoin birazwi ni ifaranga ngurukana bumenyi rikomeye mw’isi. Rikurikigwa na Ethereum ryama ari irya kabiri ku rutonde rw’ayo mafaranga mw’isi nzima. Ico Ethereum ryisangije, canke akabirya kuri Ethereum ni uko inzira rikoresha ifise uburyo bwinshi budasa, bukwiye hose kandi bushobora no gushiraho amasezerano y’ubwenge. Ayo masezerano azwi nk’inkingi y’ubutunzi busabikanije. Gushira ku gihe Shanghai, mwibuke ko Ethereum yari yabitanguje muri Ndamukiza 2023 mu ntumbero yo gutunganya neza ikoreshwa ry’uwo muhora. Iryo shigwa ku gihe ryari ririndiriwe cane ariko ikibabaje ni uko intego yari irindiriwe ntiyashitsweko muri iyo mirimo ijanye n’aya mafaranga ngurukana bumenyi.
Ngira ndabibutse. Ishigwa ku gihe rya Ethereum ni iki ? Ni kimwe mu ndinganizo yo guteza imbere Ethereum. Itegura inzira yerekeza ko igikorwa cakozwe (Proof of Work) ijana ku nzira yerekana ivyemezo vy’icakozwe (Proof of Stake). Ariko si vyose. Iyo nzira iha Ethereum utundi turusho dukomeye. Ituma iryo faranga ryunguka mw’iyoroherezwa, mu kugira umutekano hamwe no kugira ubushobozi bukwiye bwo kugwana n’ihinduka iryari ryo ryose. Iyi ngendo yo gushobora kwigumya imbere y’icarico cose (scalabilité) irafasha mw’ihanahanwa ry’amafaranga menshi ngurukana bumenyi. Ituma kandi hakoreshwa inguvu nke, zitwara amahera make hanyuma bikijukirwa na benshi kuko bijanye n’uburyo bafise. Ikibazo umuntu yokwibaza kiraba umwimbu mw’ishira ku gihe Shanghai.
Turavye raporo ya JP Morgan, ishigwa ku gihe Shanghai ntiryerekanye umwimbu wari urindiriwe. Ntiyashoboye kwongereza ibikorwa bijanye n’iryo faranga Ethereum. Ibiharuro birerekana ko ivyo guhanahana vyagabanutse nka 10%, twisunze amakuru dukura ku murongo wa JP Mogan kuva aho iryo shigwa ku gihe ribereye. Ihanana ryavuye ku muliyoni 1,3 rija ku muliyoni 1,2. Aho vyayangaye cane ni aho ryagabanutse gushika kuri 20%. Ayo mafaranga yose yavuye ku miliyaridi 18 ajakuri 14.
Haciye haboneka ikindi kibazo. Ni izihe nsiguro twotanga kuri ako gahombo kandi twokora iki muri kazoza kuri Ethereum? Ukwo kudashobora gushira ku gihe Shanghai gushobora kuronka insiguro nyinshi zivuye ku bintu vyinshi. Kimwe ni uko gushira ku gihe ihanahana ry’amafaranga ngurukana bumenyi ryoba ritanejereje abakoresha Ethereum. Bose bazigako amafaranga arihwa kw’ihanahana azogabanuka. Ariko yagumye hejuru kandi ahindagurika. Ikindi ni uko abakoresha Ethereum barashobora kwigira ahandi. Bashobora gukwegwa n’ayandi akoresha ubuhinga bugezweho kandi buzana akarusho ningoga. Ibintu vyoshobora gusubira kumera neza no kuri Ethereum.
Kugira bisubire gutangura bikenewe ko intambwe ikurikira y’umugambi wo gutera imbere ugenda neza. Ishigwa ku gihe rikwirikira riri mu nzira. Risaba ko ubushobozi bwa blockchain Ethereum bwiyungura. Ivyo bihanugwa na EIP-4844 canke Protodanksharding. Nta na kimwe kivuga ko bizoca bigenda neza ariko ico tubona ari ukuri ni uko ibigoranye bitegerezwa gutora umuti canecane muvy’ubuhinga gurtyo abagwizatunga bakoresha ubwo bwoko bw’amafaranga bagire icizere.
Iyo ngendo nshasha mw’iterambere rya Ethereum izoba rikomeye mu gukwega iri faranga rija hejuru. Nico gituma Vitalik Buterin, isura y’umugambi Ethereum udasiba gusemerera kugira ingorane z’ingero zitoregwe inyishu. Ni ugutegera ko ukwo gukora twisunze urugero Vitalik Buterin avuga ari uburyo bwo kuguma uhagaze neza naho hoba ibihuhusi (scalabilité)ariyo ifise ubushobozi bwo guhanahana amafaranga muri benshi. Ashimitse, arasaba umuryango wose ukoresha ubu bwoko bw’aya mafaranga gukora igishoboka cose kugira iryo koreshwa ry’urugero rizobe imbere yuko igihuhusi c’iduzwa ryayo gishika. Avuga yuko ihanahana rizoguma riri hejuru n’ababukoresha bashike aho bariha amadolari 500 nk’ayo barishe bwa mafaranga y’iryo hanahana kandi abantu ntibazokworohegwa nk’uko Buterin yagumye asemerera mu kinyamakuru ngurukana bumenyi The Defiant.
Gushira ku gihe Shanghai vya Ethereum bigize urugero rukomeye kugira bashikire intego yo kugabanya amafaranga barihisha mw’ihanahana, ikizotuma uburambe bwa Blockchain Ethereum bwizigirwa. Kazoza ka Ethereum gahagaze aho.
Vyahinduwe mu Kirundi na EN.
